Smart Contract as a Service: Using Messages to Share Contracts

SMART CONTRACTS AS A SERVICE USING MESSAGES TO SHARE CODE

SMART CONTRACTS AS A SERVICE B R O O K LY N Z E L E N K A , @ e x p e d e

SMART CONTRACTS AS A SERVICE B R O O K LY N Z E L E N K A , @ e x p e d e • Cofounder/CTO at Fission — https://fission.codes • It is so incredibly good to be back in Osaka 🎉 • PLT & VM enthusiast • Prev. Ethereum R&D, now visiting from IPFS-land 🚀🌖 • EIPs • 615: EVM Subroutines & Static Jumps • 902: Token Permissions / Validation • 1066: Standardized Status Codes • Dependency for security token standards (ERC-1400), &c • 1444: Permissionless On-Chain Translation • ECIP 1050

WEB OF CONTRACTS

WEB OF CONTRACTS 🕷

WEB OF CONTRACTS B I G , H A I RY, AU D A C I O U S G O A L

WEB OF CONTRACTS B I G , H A I RY, AU D A C I O U S G O A L • Write fewer lines of code 🕑

WEB OF CONTRACTS B I G , H A I RY, AU D A C I O U S G O A L • Write fewer lines of code 🕑 • Have higher confidence 🚀

WEB OF CONTRACTS B I G , H A I RY, AU D A C I O U S G O A L • Write fewer lines of code 🕑 • Have higher confidence 🚀 • Make Ethereum more accessible &

WEB OF CONTRACTS HTTP → ETH

WEB OF CONTRACTS HTTP → ETH 🖥 404 💻

WEB OF CONTRACTS HTTP → ETH 🖥 404 💻 0xC4

WEB OF CONTRACTS HTTP → ETH 🖥 404 💻 0xC4 2

WEB OF CONTRACTS A F U T U R E A LO N G S I D E U N I X & H T T P 🚀

WEB OF CONTRACTS A F U T U R E A LO N G S I D E U N I X & H T T P 🚀 • What do Unix and HTTP have in common? Composition! • Ethereum is a shared system — can we leverage each other’s contacts? • Can high value data & utilities make money on-chain?

WEB OF CONTRACTS ON-CHAIN MICROSERVICES

WEB OF CONTRACTS ON-CHAIN MICROSERVICES dApp ERC902 ACL ERC20 ERC721 Storage DEX ERC1337

WEB OF CONTRACTS ON-CHAIN MICROSERVICES • “Web of contracts” • Leverage shared infrastructure (pluggable) dApp ERC902 ACL ERC20 ERC721 DEX • High quality smart contracts • Efficient, reviewed, security hardened • Compose new protocols • Biz models for high-value service contracts Storage ERC1337

WEB OF CONTRACTS THE CORE TECHNICAL IDEA

S T R U C T U R E D S TAT U S C O D E S

S T R U C T U R E D S TAT U S C O D E S SO SIMPLE A MACHINE CAN USE IT 🤖👍 (HUMANS, TOO 😁👍)

S T R U C T U R E D S T AT U S C O D E S TA S T Y N I B B L E S 🐭 🧀

S T R U C T U R E D S T AT U S C O D E S TA S T Y N I B B L E S 🐭 🧀 0x41

S T R U C T U R E D S T AT U S C O D E S TA S T Y N I B B L E S 🐭 🧀 0x41 0100 0001

S T R U C T U R E D S T AT U S C O D E S TA S T Y N I B B L E S 🐭 🧀 0x41 Category 0100 0001

S T R U C T U R E D S T AT U S C O D E S TA S T Y N I B B L E S 🐭 🧀 0x41 Category 0100 0001 Reason

S T R U C T U R E D S T AT U S C O D E S TA S T Y N I B B L E S 🐭 🧀 0x41 Category 0100 0001 Reason 0x0B

S T R U C T U R E D S T AT U S C O D E S TA S T Y N I B B L E S 🐭 🧀 0x41 Category 0100 0001 Reason 0x0B 0000 1011

S T R U C T U R E D S T AT U S C O D E S TA S T Y N I B B L E S 🐭 🧀 0x41 Category 0100 0001 Reason 0x0B 0000 1011 (0x0* General is same as just the reason alone)

S T R U C T U R E D S T AT U S C O D E S C O D E TA B L E

S T R U C T U R E D S T AT U S C O D E S C O D E TA B L E 0* 1* 2* 3* 4* 5* 6* 7* 8* 9* A* B* C* D* E* F* 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F

S T R U C T U R E D S T AT U S C O D E S C O D E TA B L E Category Time Range Auth Agreements Off Chain … 0* 1* 2* 3* 4* 5* 6* 7* 8* 9* A* B* C* D* E* F* 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F

Category S T R U C T U R E D S T AT U S C O D E S Time C O D E TA B L E Auth Agreements Off Chain … 0* 1* 2* 3* 4* 5* 6* 7* 8* 9* A* B* C* D* E* F* 0 1 Reason 2 3 Fail Ok Accepted/Started Action Required … Range 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F

Category S T R U C T U R E D S T AT U S C O D E S Time C O D E TA B L E Range Agreements Off Chain … 0* 1* 2* 3* 4* 5* 6* 7* 8* 9* A* B* C* D* E* F* 0 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F SEARCH / MATCH Reason 2 3 Fail Ok Accepted/Started Action Required … Auth

Category S T R U C T U R E D S T AT U S C O D E S Time C O D E TA B L E Range Auth Agreements … 0* 1* 2* 3* 4* 5* 6* 7* 8* 9* A* B* C* D* E* F* 0 1 AWA I T I N G 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F SEARCH / MATCH Reason 2 3 Fail Ok Accepted/Started Action Required … Off Chain

Category S T R U C T U R E D S T AT U S C O D E S Time C O D E TA B L E Auth Agreements Off Chain … 0* 1* 2* 3* 4* 5* 6* 7* 8* 9* A* B* C* D* E* F* 0 1 0x23 Awaiting Match 2 3 AWA I T I N G 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F SEARCH / MATCH Reason Fail Ok Accepted/Started Action Required … Range

S T R U C T U R E D S T AT U S C O D E S HELPER LIBRARY 🛠 npmjs.com/package/fission-codes

S T R U C T U R E D S T AT U S C O D E S HELPER LIBRARY 🛠 npmjs.com/package/fission-codes Combine (inclusions)

S T R U C T U R E D S T AT U S C O D E S HELPER LIBRARY 🛠 npmjs.com/package/fission-codes Combine (inclusions) Pull Apart (projections)

S T R U C T U R E D S T AT U S C O D E S HELPER LIBRARY 🛠 npmjs.com/package/fission-codes Combine (inclusions) Pull Apart (projections) Automatic require with (hardcoded) message*

TOY FLOW FOR CONTRACT MESSAGING

TOY FLOW FOR CONTRACT MESSAGING 🧸💌💰

TOY FLOW N OT FO R S A L E … Y E T

TOY FLOW N OT FO R S A L E … Y E T 💰 💱 🤖

TOY FLOW N OT FO R S A L E … Y E T 💰 💱 buy(💰, 10) ✉ 🤖

TOY FLOW N OT FO R S A L E … Y E T 💰 buyFor(🤖, 10) ✉ 💱 buy(💰, 10) ✉ 🤖

TOY FLOW N OT FO R S A L E … Y E T 💰 buyFor(🤖, 10) 🕚💱 ✉ 💱 buy(💰, 10) ✉ 🤖

TOY FLOW N OT FO R S A L E … Y E T 💰 buyFor(🤖, 10) 🕚💱 ✉ 0x43 I’ll call you back when ready ✉ 💱 buy(💰, 10) ✉ 🤖

TOY FLOW N OT FO R S A L E … Y E T 💰 💱 buy(💰, 10) buyFor(🤖, 10) 🕚💱 ✉ 0x43 I’ll call you back when ready ✉ 🕚💰🤖 ✉ 🤖

TOY FLOW N OT FO R S A L E … Y E T 💰 💱 buy(💰, 10) ✉ buyFor(🤖, 10) 🕚💱 ✉ 0x43 I’ll call you back when ready ✉ 🕚💰🤖 0x43 I’ll call you back when ready ✉ 🤖

TOY FLOW I M PAT I E N C E 💰 🕚💱 💱 🕚💰🤖 🤖

TOY FLOW I M PAT I E N C E 💰 🕚💱 💱 🤖 🕚💰🤖 isDoneYet(💰) ✉

TOY FLOW I M PAT I E N C E 💰 🕚💱 💱 🤖 🕚💰🤖 isDoneYet(💰) ✉ 0x43 I’ll call you back when ready ✉ 💔

TOY FLOW K I C K- O F F 💰 🕚💱 💱 🕚💰🤖🧙 🤖

TOY FLOW K I C K- O F F 💰 openForBiz() ✉ 🕚💱 💱 🕚💰🤖🧙 🤖

TOY FLOW K I C K- O F F 💰 openForBiz() ✉ 🕚💱 0x41 Ready! ✉ 💱 🕚💰🤖🧙 🤖

TOY FLOW K I C K- O F F 💰 openForBiz() ✉ 🕚💱 0x41 💱 Ready! ✉ buyFor([🤖,🧙], 10) ✉ ✉✉✉ 🕚💰🤖🧙 🤖

TOY FLOW K I C K- O F F 💰 openForBiz() ✉ 🕚💱 0x41 💱 Ready! ✉ buyFor([🤖,🧙], 10) ✉ ✉✉✉ (0x31, [🤖,🧙], 10) Agreed & complete ✉ 🕚💰🤖🧙 🤖

TOY FLOW K I C K- O F F 💰 openForBiz() ✉ 🕚💱 0x41 💱 Ready! ✉ 🤖 🕚💰🤖🧙 buyFor([🤖,🧙], 10) ✉ ✉✉✉ (0x31, [🤖,🧙], 10) Agreed & complete ✉ (0x31, 💰, 10) Agreed & complete ✉

TOY FLOW K I C K- O F F 💰 openForBiz() ✉ 🕚💱 0x41 💱 Ready! ✉ 🤖 🕚💰🤖🧙 buyFor([🤖,🧙], 10) ✉ ✉✉✉ (0x31, [🤖,🧙], 10) Agreed & complete ✉ (0x31, 💰, 10) Agreed & complete ✉ 🎉💁 ✉

S T AT E L E S S S E R V I C E C O N T R A C T S

S T AT E L E S S S E R V I C E C O N T R A C T S AUDITED, EFFICIENT LIBRARY CODE ✨

S TA T E L E S S S E R V I C E C O N T R A C T S SAFE , AUDITED LIBRARIES

S TA T E L E S S S E R V I C E C O N T R A C T S SAFE , AUDITED LIBRARIES • Overriding functions and redeploying can be dangerous • On-chain libraries can be verified & trusted • Why redeploy SafeMath? • It’s impractical when JUMP is so cheap • What about more complex, or security-critical functions?

S TA T E L E S S S E R V I C E C O N T R A C T S S E PA R AT I O N O F C O N C E R N S

S TA T E L E S S S E R V I C E C O N T R A C T S S E PA R AT I O N O F C O N C E R N S MyToken name = “MyToken” totalSupply = 1000000 …

S TA T E L E S S S E R V I C E C O N T R A C T S S E PA R AT I O N O F C O N C E R N S ERC20’ Stateless Functions ERC902 Transfer Restrictions MyToken name = “MyToken” totalSupply = 1000000 …

S TA T E L E S S S E R V I C E C O N T R A C T S S E PA R AT I O N O F C O N C E R N S ERC20’ Stateless Functions ERC902 Transfer Restrictions 0x21 In Range MyToken name = “MyToken” totalSupply = 1000000 …

S TA T E L E S S S E R V I C E C O N T R A C T S S E PA R AT I O N O F C O N C E R N S ERC20’ Stateless Functions ERC902 Transfer Restrictions 0x21 In Range MyToken name = “MyToken” totalSupply = 1000000 … 0x16 Banned

S T AT E F U L S E R V I C E C O N T R A C T S

S T AT E F U L S E R V I C E C O N T R A C T S D ATA CA N B E A N E N D I N I TS E L F 🤖

S TA T E F U L S E R V I C E C O N T R A C T S C RO S S - B O R D E R S E C U R I T Y TO K E N

S TA T E F U L S E R V I C E C O N T R A C T S C RO S S - B O R D E R S E C U R I T Y TO K E N 💰

S TA T E F U L S E R V I C E C O N T R A C T S C RO S S - B O R D E R S E C U R I T Y TO K E N 💰 9

S TA T E F U L S E R V I C E C O N T R A C T S C RO S S - B O R D E R S E C U R I T Y TO K E N 💰 ✉ 🤔 9

S TA T E F U L S E R V I C E C O N T R A C T S C RO S S - B O R D E R S E C U R I T Y TO K E N 💰 ✉ 🤔 9 9 ;

S TA T E F U L S E R V I C E C O N T R A C T S C RO S S - B O R D E R S E C U R I T Y TO K E N ✉ 🤔 💰 ✉ 🤔 9 9 ;

S TA T E F U L S E R V I C E C O N T R A C T S C RO S S - B O R D E R S E C U R I T Y TO K E N ✉ 🤔 ✉ ⏲ 💰 ✉ 🤔 9 9 ;

S TA T E F U L S E R V I C E C O N T R A C T S C RO S S - B O R D E R S E C U R I T Y TO K E N ✉ 🤔 ✉ ⏲ 💰 ✉ 🤔 9 9 ; 💂 =

S TA T E F U L S E R V I C E C O N T R A C T S C RO S S - B O R D E R S E C U R I T Y TO K E N ✉ 🤔 ✉ ⏲ 💰 ✉ 🤔 9 9 ; 💂 = 9 ?

S TA T E F U L S E R V I C E C O N T R A C T S C RO S S - B O R D E R S E C U R I T Y TO K E N ✉ 🤔 ✉ ⏲ 💰 ✉ 🤔 9 9 ; 💂 = ✉ 🤔 9 ?

S TA T E F U L S E R V I C E C O N T R A C T S C RO S S - B O R D E R S E C U R I T Y TO K E N ✉ 🤔 ✉ ⏲ 💰 ✉ 🤔 9 9 ; 💂 = ✉ 🤔 9 ? 💂?

S TA T E F U L S E R V I C E C O N T R A C T S C RO S S - B O R D E R S E C U R I T Y TO K E N ✉ 🤔 ✉ ⏲ 💰 ✉ 🤔 9 9 ; 💂 = ✉ 🤔 9 ? ✉ 🤔 💂?

S TA T E F U L S E R V I C E C O N T R A C T S C RO S S - B O R D E R S E C U R I T Y TO K E N ✉ 🤔 ✉ ⏲ 💰 ✉ 🤔 9 9 ; 💂 = ✉ 🤔 9 ? ✉ 🤔 ✉ 📈 💂?

S TA T E F U L S E R V I C E C O N T R A C T S C RO S S - B O R D E R S E C U R I T Y TO K E N ✉ 🤔 ✉ ⏲ 💰 ✉ 🤔 9 9 ; 💂 = ✉ 🤔 ✉ 👍 9 ? ✉ 🤔 ✉ 📈 💂?

S TA T E F U L S E R V I C E C O N T R A C T S C RO S S - B O R D E R S E C U R I T Y TO K E N ✉ 🤔 ✉ ⏲ 💰 ✉ 🤔 ✉ ✅ 9 9 ; 💂 = ✉ 🤔 ✉ 👍 9 ? ✉ 🤔 ✉ 📈 💂?

S TA T E F U L S E R V I C E C O N T R A C T S C RO S S - B O R D E R S E C U R I T Y TO K E N ✉ 🤔 ✉ ⏲ 💰 ✅ ✉ 🤔 ✉ ✅ 9 9 ; 💂 = ✉ 🤔 ✉ 👍 9 ? ✉ 🤔 ✉ 📈 💂?

MAKING MONEY

MAKING MONEY 💰 BE CALLED OR BE COLLECTED ☠

MAKING MONEY T H O U G H T E X P E R I M E N T : R E N TA L E C O N O M Y

MAKING MONEY T H O U G H T E X P E R I M E N T : R E N TA L E C O N O M Y • Charge for function calls • Not unheard of today, but less common • Audits are expensive • High value data is… high value • Incentivize high quality, audited code by paying for it’s creation

MAKING MONEY SMART CONTRACT ECONOMY

MAKING MONEY SMART CONTRACT ECONOMY • In a hypothetical state rent future this behaves like an economy • Incentivize high-quality contracts that can do more than just survive • The ones that don’t provide value “go under” • Per-invocation “lambda-style” charges • Buy a license on chain • Per-contract or per-vendor • Time • Permanent • Number of calls • Number of blocks

USE CASE : LOCALIZED FEEDBACK

USE CASE : LOCALIZED FEEDBACK C💌D

USER FEEDBACK O N - C H A I N L O C A L I Z AT I O N E🤖 Requestor ⬅⬆⬇➡ LocalizationPreference N P O J M K L Localization Localization Localization Localization Localization Localization Localization

USER FEEDBACK S U C C E S S F LOW

USER FEEDBACK S U C C E S S F LOW 💁 J

USER FEEDBACK S U C C E S S F LOW 💁 J 🤖

USER FEEDBACK S U C C E S S F LOW 💁 J tx 🤖

USER FEEDBACK S U C C E S S F LOW 💁 J tx readOrMutate(…) 🤖

USER FEEDBACK S U C C E S S F LOW 💁 J tx readOrMutate(…) 0x11 🤖

USER FEEDBACK S U C C E S S F LOW 💁 J tx readOrMutate(…) 0x11 ⬅⬆⬇➡ 🤖

USER FEEDBACK S U C C E S S F LOW 💁 J tx readOrMutate(…) 0x11 textFor(0x11) ⬅⬆⬇➡ 🤖

USER FEEDBACK S U C C E S S F LOW 💁 tx J readOrMutate(…) 0x11 tx .o ri g in textFor(0x11) ⬅⬆⬇➡ 🤖

USER FEEDBACK S U C C E S S F LOW 💁 tx J readOrMutate(…) 0x11 tx .o ri g in 🤖 textFor(0x11) ⬅⬆⬇➡ Q 0x11 -> “Povoleno” J 0x11 -> “許す” N 0x11 -> “Allowed”

USER FEEDBACK S U C C E S S F LOW 💁 tx J readOrMutate(…) 0x11 tx .o ri g in 🤖 textFor(0x11) textFor(0x11) ⬅⬆⬇➡ Q 0x11 -> “Povoleno” J 0x11 -> “許す” N 0x11 -> “Allowed”

USER FEEDBACK S U C C E S S F LOW 💁 tx J readOrMutate(…) 0x11 tx .o ri g in 🤖 textFor(0x11) textFor(0x11) ⬅⬆⬇➡ “許す” Q 0x11 -> “Povoleno” J 0x11 -> “許す” N 0x11 -> “Allowed”

USER FEEDBACK S U C C E S S F LOW 💁 tx J readOrMutate(…) 0x11 tx .o ri g in “許す” 🤖 textFor(0x11) textFor(0x11) ⬅⬆⬇➡ “許す” Q 0x11 -> “Povoleno” J 0x11 -> “許す” N 0x11 -> “Allowed”

USER FEEDBACK S U C C E S S F LOW 💁 tx readOrMutate(…) “許す” 0x11 J tx .o ri g in “許す” 🤖 textFor(0x11) textFor(0x11) ⬅⬆⬇➡ “許す” Q 0x11 -> “Povoleno” J 0x11 -> “許す” N 0x11 -> “Allowed”

USER FEEDBACK S U C C E S S F LOW AuthorizingContract 許す 💁 tx readOrMutate(…) “許す” 0x11 J tx .o ri g in “許す” 🤖 textFor(0x11) textFor(0x11) ⬅⬆⬇➡ “許す” Q 0x11 -> “Povoleno” J 0x11 -> “許す” N 0x11 -> “Allowed”

USER FEEDBACK R E V E RT F LOW

USER FEEDBACK R E V E RT F LOW 💁 R

USER FEEDBACK R E V E RT F LOW 💁 R 🤖

USER FEEDBACK R E V E RT F LOW doTheThing() 🤖 💁 R

USER FEEDBACK R E V E RT F LOW doTheThing() tx 🤖 💁 R

USER FEEDBACK R E V E RT F LOW doTheThing() tx 🤖 revertWith(0x40) 🤖 💁 R

USER FEEDBACK R E V E RT F LOW doTheThing() 💁 R tx 🤖 ⬅⬆⬇➡ revertWith(0x40) 🤖

USER FEEDBACK R E V E RT F LOW doTheThing() 💁 R tx 🤖 textFor(0x40) revertWith(0x40) 🤖 ⬅⬆⬇➡

USER FEEDBACK R E V E RT F LOW doTheThing() 💁 R tx 🤖 textFor(0x40) revertWith(0x40) 🤖 ⬅⬆⬇➡ Q 0x40 -> “Prošlý” R 0x40 -> “ຫມ#ດອາຍu” N 0x40 -> “Expired”

USER FEEDBACK R E V E RT F LOW doTheThing() tx 🤖 💁 R tx.origin textFor(0x40) revertWith(0x40) 🤖 ⬅⬆⬇➡ Q 0x40 -> “Prošlý” R 0x40 -> “ຫມ#ດອາຍu” N 0x40 -> “Expired”

USER FEEDBACK R E V E RT F LOW doTheThing() tx 🤖 💁 R tx.origin textFor(0x40) revertWith(0x40) 🤖 ⬅⬆⬇➡ 0x40 Q 0x40 -> “Prošlý” R 0x40 -> “ຫມ#ດອາຍu” N 0x40 -> “Expired”

USER FEEDBACK R E V E RT F LOW doTheThing() tx 🤖 💁 R tx.origin “ຫມ#ດອາຍu” textFor(0x40) revertWith(0x40) 🤖 ⬅⬆⬇➡ 0x40 Q 0x40 -> “Prošlý” R 0x40 -> “ຫມ#ດອາຍu” N 0x40 -> “Expired”

USER FEEDBACK R E V E RT F LOW doTheThing() tx 🤖 💁 R tx.origin “ຫມ#ດອາຍu” textFor(0x40) revertWith(0x40) 🤖 “ຫມ#ດອາຍu” ⬅⬆⬇➡ 0x40 Q 0x40 -> “Prošlý” R 0x40 -> “ຫມ#ດອາຍu” N 0x40 -> “Expired”

USER FEEDBACK R E V E RT F LOW doTheThing() tx revert(“ຫມ#ດອາຍu”) 🤖 💁 R tx.origin “ຫມ#ດອາຍu” textFor(0x40) revertWith(0x40) 🤖 “ຫມ#ດອາຍu” ⬅⬆⬇➡ 0x40 Q 0x40 -> “Prošlý” R 0x40 -> “ຫມ#ດອາຍu” N 0x40 -> “Expired”

USER FEEDBACK R E V E RT F LOW doTheThing() 😭“ຫມ#ດອາຍu”😭 tx revert(“ຫມ#ດອາຍu”) 🤖 💁 R tx.origin “ຫມ#ດອາຍu” textFor(0x40) revertWith(0x40) 🤖 “ຫມ#ດອາຍu” ⬅⬆⬇➡ 0x40 Q 0x40 -> “Prošlý” R 0x40 -> “ຫມ#ດອາຍu” N 0x40 -> “Expired”

https://fission.codes https://tools.fission.codes J THANK YOU, 大阪市 🎉 brooklyn@fission.codes g i t h u b . c o m /e x p e d e @expede