Practical Web Animation

Practical Web Animation Lisi Linhart

Lecturing @ LISILINHART.INFO Twitter @LISI_LINHART Blog

Title Text the user

Title Text the user the browser

Animation for the Animation with the User Browser orientation attention feedback perceived performance perception

Animation for the Animation with the User Browser orientation web standards attention render engines feedback CSS vs. JS perceived performance performance perception devices

Animation with the Browser

4 things a browser can animate cheaply

4 things a browser can animate cheaply position translateX(-10px);

4 things a browser can animate cheaply position scale translateX(-10px); scale(0.5);

4 things a browser can animate cheaply position scale rotation translateX(-10px); scale(0.5); rotate(-25deg);

4 things a browser can animate cheaply position scale rotation opacity translateX(-10px); scale(0.5); rotate(-25deg); opacity: 0.5;

this is not performant

use the transform property 💪

order matters transform properties can be chained

codepen.io/danwilson/pen/eEYdgo

Rendering & Property Changes Javascript / Event

Rendering & Property Changes Javascript / Event Style Recalculations width, margin, left, .. Layout

Rendering & Property Changes Javascript / Event Style Recalculations Layout Paint background, box-shadow, outline, ..

Rendering & Property Changes Javascript / Event Style Recalculations Layout Paint Composite transform, opacity ..

Rendering & Property Changes Javascript / Event Style Recalculations Layout 1 frame Paint Composite

translateX(-10px); opacity: 0.5; try to limit yourself to CSS transform & opacity for most animations

promote elements to new layers if animated often & constantly

Creating new layers

Creating new layers 1. will-change property 2. 3D Transform 3. animated 2D transforms 4. being on top of a compositing layers 5. animated CSS filters

🤯 don’t create too many layers remove them if the animation is finished

Removing layers

DevTools

inspect & test your animations in your devtools

Javascript / Event Style Recalculations Layout Paint Composite

Animation for the User

ORIENTATION & TRANSITIONS

Title Text

ORIENTATION & TRANSITIONS 1 help with reorientation in the user 2 explain relationships between different information spaces

ORIENTATION & TRANSITIONS Example: VueJS Transitions

Title Text codepen.io/lisilinhart/full/rqRvxJ/

VueJS Transitions view is toggled when a button is clicked

VueJS Transitions component is transitioned in if view is the correct value

VueJS Transitions

Title Text codepen.io/lisilinhart/full/rqRvxJ/

PERCEIVED PERFORMANCE

“Human perception of time is fluid, and can be manipulated in purposeful and productive ways.” Chris Harrison Faster Progress Bars: Manipulating Perceived Duration with Visual Augmentations

Chris Harrison, Zhiquan Yeo, Scott E. Hudson Faster Progress Bars: Manipulating Perceived Duration with Visual Augmentations animated progress bars reduced the perceived duration among the participants by 11%

PERCEIVED PERFORMANCE 0.1 seconds 1 second 5-10 seconds feels instantaneous user will feel the pause struggle to maintain the user’s attention Jakob Nielsen - Usability Engineering

Title Text tomswholesomefood.com.au

PERCEIVED PERFORMANCE The page is loading activity & progress indication Here is a skeleton screen of what content is being loaded Lazy loading & hinting While you’re waiting, here is some more information on how the process works using idle times to inform the user

PERCEIVED PERFORMANCE Example: Web Animations API

WEB ANIMATIONS API keyframes object or array: stages of the animation timings object: how it's animated (e.g. speed, delay, ..)

WAAPI KEYFRAMES keyframes object keyframes array

WAAPI TIMINGS OBJECT how fast should my animation run, how often should it run, what should happen after it’s finished?

CSS VS WAAPI CSS Animation

CSS VS WAAPI CSS Animation Waapi Animation

Title Text codepen.io/lisilinhart/pen/XxGqqx

WAAPI EXAMPLE animated cursor title element with the text clip-path for text in order to animate transform: scaleX(0)

WAAPI EXAMPLE clipping of text repeating the titles text with the CSS content property

WAAPI EXAMPLE getting the elements same duration for both animations

WAAPI EXAMPLE calling the animations

Title Text codepen.io/lisilinhart/pen/XxGqqx

WAAPI CONTROLS .animate() returns an animation object speeding up the animations when we click the title

Title Text codepen.io/lisilinhart/pen/rqgPNd

WAAPI CONTROLS

WAAPI CALLBACKS

WHY THE WEB ANIMATIONS API? • • • API provided by the browser • • choreographed & chained animations no extra Javascript code like for libraries can render animations over the compositor thread (no JS stalling) a native & more powerful alternative to CSS animations

Title Text codepen.io/vincentriemer/pen/vpLrWg

good news for safari 🎉 no edge yet 😔

good chances that it’s coming

polyfill for wider browser support https://github.com/web-animations/web-animations-js/tree/master

ATTENTION & FEEDBACK

FEEDBACK I recognised that you clicked this button giving a reaction to user input

FEEDBACK I recognised that you clicked this button giving a reaction to user input You entered some information, but it’s not correct cause & effect of the users input

FEEDBACK I recognised that you clicked this button giving a reaction to user input You entered some information, but it’s not correct cause & effect of the users input You submitted the form, but our system is still processing it making system activity visible

codepen.io/davidkpiano/full/WKvPBP/

ATTENTION

ATTENTION To get to the next step, click this prominent item showing possible actions

ATTENTION To get to the next step, click this prominent item showing possible actions We created this explanatory animation in order for you to better understand our process teaching the user about a process, storytelling

ATTENTION To get to the next step, click this prominent item showing possible actions We created this explanatory animation in order for you to better understand our process teaching the user about a process, storytelling You had to read a lot of information, so we added this kitten animation to entertain you adding fun and reinforcing branding

Title Text stripe.com/us/payments

ATTENTION & FEEDBACK Reactive Animation

JS + CSS VARIABLES

JS + CSS VARIABLES CSS Variables are inherited from their parent, for better performance set them at the most specific level

Title Text 2018.ffconf.org

Title Text codepen.io/lisilinhart/pen/RqwZgg

JS + CSS VARIABLES a layer for each element that’s animated separately

JS + CSS VARIABLES values need to be between 1 and -1 for easier usage in CSS the css variables are set on the parent element, so all child elements have access to them

JS + CSS VARIABLES multiplying the variable between -1 and 1 with the value it should be moved around

Title Text codepen.io/lisilinhart/pen/RqwZgg

JS + CSS VARIABLES • easily debuggable • no excessive DOM manipulation • DOM node independent • great for reactive & physics animation • Transform: Individual Properties

Opportunities for Animation

make idle time more useful and interesting Opportunities for Animation

make idle time more useful and interesting guide the user in a process Opportunities for Animation

make idle time more useful and interesting guide the user in a process Opportunities for Animation explain relationships in the information space

make idle time more useful and interesting guide the user in a process Opportunities for Animation get the users attention explain relationships in the information space

Animation Resources

Animation Resources Animation At Work - A Book Apart Book by Rachel Nabors

Animation Resources Animation At Work - A Book Apart Twitch Channel by David Khourshid & Stephen Shaw keyframe.rs Book by Rachel Nabors

Animation Resources Animation At Work - A Book Apart Twitch Channel by David Khourshid & Stephen Shaw keyframe.rs Book by Rachel Nabors animationatwork.slack.com Slack Channel to get feedback & inspiration

Animation Resources Animation At Work - A Book Apart Twitch Channel by David Khourshid & Stephen Shaw basics to know about animation keyframe.rs Book by Rachel Nabors animationatwork.slack.com developers.google.com/web/ fundamentals/design-and-ux/animations/ Slack Channel to get feedback & inspiration

Animation Resources Animation At Work - A Book Apart Twitch Channel by David Khourshid & Stephen Shaw basics to know about animation keyframe.rs Book by Rachel Nabors animationatwork.slack.com developers.google.com/web/ fundamentals/design-and-ux/animations/ Slack Channel to get feedback & inspiration uianimationnewsletter.com inspiration for UI animation

“Users should only notice your animation if you need to attract their attention in that moment. Otherwise, micro-interactions and other transitions should be so seamless, users don’t even notice that there is animation” Heather Daggett - Animation At Work

Animate for the user, don’t create obstacles,