The Four Principles of the A“POUR”calypse The harbingers of accessibility
Todd Libby
25 October - Connect.Tech
Slide 2
Slide 3
Thank You!
Slide 4
Me, Explained.
Slide 5
Slide 6
About Me • Accessible digital experiences • Senior Accessibility Engineer • Accessibility/Disability Advocate • Portland, ME - Phoenix, AZ • @toddlibby - X • @toddl.dev - Bluesky • @todd@a11y.info - Mastodon
Slide 7
Work What I do
• Accessibility Consultant • W3C Invited Expert - WCAG 2.2 & WCAG3
• Advocate for Accessibility & Disability Rights
Slide 8
Four
Slide 9
Death
Famine
War
Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, an 1887 painting by Viktor Vasnetsov.
Conquest
Slide 10
Slide 11
Four Principles
Slide 12
History
Slide 13
2001 Public Working Draft
Slide 14
2003 Technical Reports (TR) Working Draft
Slide 15
“The overall goal is to create Web content that is perceivable, operable, navigable, and understandable by the broadest possible range of users and compatible with their wide range of assistive technologies, now and in the future.”
Slide 16
Navigable
Slide 17
• Navigable - Facilitate content orientation and navigation. • Key to e ective use of Web content is the ability to obtain and keep
ffi
ff
one’s and the ability to e application.
ciently move about the site, document or
Slide 18
2008 Working Draft (CR) Candidate Recommendation
Slide 19
WCAG 2.1
Slide 20
2018 Recommendation published, 5 June
Slide 21
13
Slide 22
78
Slide 23
Slide 24
2023
Slide 25
Slide 26
WCAG 2.2 9
Success Criteria
Slide 27
Slide 28
2028?
Slide 29
Slide 30
The Four Principles
Slide 31
Perceivable
Slide 32
Operable
Slide 33
Understandable
Slide 34
Robust
Slide 35
Why?
Slide 36
Why do we care about accessible content?
Slide 37
Examples
Slide 38
Perceivable
Slide 39
Alternative Text alt=“Two lobster rolls in a styrofoam container. One with chives and mayonnaise and another with chipotle mayonnaise with a lemon wedge.”
Slide 40
Captions/Subtitles Video, audio. Live or closed
• Indicators for content for the Deaf, Hard of Hearing
• Contrast of text su cient with dark background.
• Readability • Optional way for disabled users to
ffi
be able to understand the content.
Slide 41
Form Fields
fi
Required form elds or error messages. Are they perceivable as error messages?
Slide 42
Use of color Text formatting, color, design, UX mistakes
Slide 43
Operable
Slide 44
Keyboard Navigation Using other methods rather than the mouse
Slide 45
Notifications Extending time for users
Slide 46
Rage Against the Content
fl
Flashing content exceeding three ashes per second
Slide 47
Navigation Visible focus indicators and a logical tab order
Slide 48
Labels Visible text and programmatic text large enough to view.
Slide 49
Placeholders Are not labels
Slide 50
Understandable
Slide 51
Abbreviations Non-English speaking
Slide 52
Hover Content does not change on focus or on input. Unexpected changes are a failure.