Fun with Bluetooth

fun with bluetooth GDG DevFestNL

why?

progressive   web apps

pwa’s are great !

but...

ethernet   & wifi

wifi

zigbee?  

ethernet

runs a webserver use fetch or   xmlhttprequest

[{ "id":"001788fffe100491", "internalipaddress":"192.168.2.23", "macaddress":"00:17:88:10:04:91", "name":"Philips Hue" }, { "id":"001788fffe09a168", "internalipaddress":"192.168.88.252" }, { https://www.meethue.com/api/nupnp 1

<root xmlns="urn:schemas-upnp-org:device-1-0"> <specVersion> <major>1</major> <minor>0</minor> </specVersion> <URLBase>http://192.168.2.23:80/</URLBase> <device> <deviceType>urn:schemas-upnp-org:device:Basic:1</deviceType> <friendlyName>Philips hue (192.168.2.23)</friendlyName> <manufacturer>Royal Philips Electronics</manufacturer> <manufacturerURL>http://www.philips.com</manufacturerURL> http://192.168.2.23/description.xml 2

http://192.168.2.23/ api   {"devicetype": "hue_pwa#pixel_xl" } 3 [{"success":{"username": "........" }}] User presses physical button on the hub click save to local storage

4 { "1": { "state": { "on": true, "bri": 144, "hue": 13088, "sat": 212, "xy": [0.5128,0.4147], "ct": 467, "alert": "none", "effect": "none", http://192.168.2.23/api/........ /lights

http://192.168.2.23/api/......../lights/1/state   { "hue": 50000, "on": true, "bri": 200 } 5 [ {"success":{"/lights/1/state/bri":200}}, {"success":{"/lights/1/state/on":true}}, {"success":{"/lights/1/state/hue":50000}} ]

clickclickreloadclick

this does   not work !

https only http only no certificate   for you

= network use remote api’s ≠ access to local devices

hue remote api Also allow control from   outside the local network

We are currently preparing for release of this remote API which will initially be available to a limited number of partners. “ — Philips

We are currently preparing for release of this remote API which will initially be available to a limited number of partners. “ — Philips two years ago very not yet

fun with bluetooth problems local networks

fun with bluetooth

bluetooth

bluetooth sucks

classic bluetoot h the reason everybody   hates bluetooth bluetoot h low energy vs. control drones and other cool shit

bluetoot h low energy also known as BLE Bluetooth LE Bluetooth Smart Bluetooth 4

playbulb sphere playbulb

spherio bb-8

parrot mini drone

activity tracker

the boring theoretical stuff

central peripheral

central

generic attribute profile

generic attribute profile ?

generic attribute profile gatt, because gap was already taken

client server

central

peripheral

§ i device information light multiple services per device

i device information battery flight control

i device information battery steering control

i device information battery heart rate

heart rate

i

device information

battery

i device information battery heart rate

i device information manufacturer
model number serial number hardware revision firmware revision software revision ... multiple characteristics   per service

server service characteristic value array of objects object property value

services and characteristics are identified by uuid’s 16 bit or 128 bit

0x180A 0000 180A -0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB 16 bit 128 bit i device information

0x180 F 0000 180F -0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB 16 bit 128 bit battery

not recommended any UUID outside of the range   xxxxxxxx -0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB 16 bit 128 bit light steering control flight control still, everybody does this

i device information manufacturer
model number serial number hardware revision firmware revision software revision ...

i 0x180A 0x2A29
0x2A24 0x2A25 0x2A27 0x2A26 0x2A28 ... bad for readability,   good for saving bandwidth

read write write without response notify each characteristic supports
one or more of these

every value is an array of bytes no fancy datatypes, just bytes

pfew...

fun

with

bluetooth boring facts   about

fun with bluetooth

web

  bluetooth

api

still not the fun part :-(

connecting to a device

navigator.bluetooth.requestDevice({ filters: [
{ namePrefix: 'PLAYBULB' }
], optionalServices: [ 0xff0f ] }) .then(device => device.gatt.connect()) .then(server => server.getPrimaryService(0xff0f)) .then(service => service.getCharacteristic(0xfffc)) .then(characteristic => { return characteristic.writeValue( new Uint8Array([ 0x00, r, g, b ]) ); }) 1 we tell the browser what   kind of device we want

the user selects
the actual device

navigator.bluetooth.requestDevice({ filters: [
{ namePrefix: 'PLAYBULB' }
], optionalServices: [ 0xff0f ] }) .then(device => device.gatt.connect()) .then(server => server.getPrimaryService(0xff0f)) .then(service => service.getCharacteristic(0xfffc)) .then(characteristic => { return characteristic.writeValue( new Uint8Array([ 0x00, r, g, b ]) ); }) 2 connect to the server

navigator.bluetooth.requestDevice({ filters: [
{ namePrefix: 'PLAYBULB' }
], optionalServices: [ 0xff0f ] }) .then(device => device.gatt.connect()) .then(server => server.getPrimaryService(0xff0f)) .then(service => service.getCharacteristic(0xfffc)) .then(characteristic => { return characteristic.writeValue( new Uint8Array([ 0x00, r, g, b ]) ); }) 3 get the service

navigator.bluetooth.requestDevice({ filters: [
{ namePrefix: 'PLAYBULB' }
], optionalServices: [ 0xff0f ] }) .then(device => device.gatt.connect()) .then(server => server.getPrimaryService(0xff0f)) .then(service => service.getCharacteristic(0xfffc)) .then(characteristic => { return characteristic.writeValue( new Uint8Array([ 0x00, r, g, b ]) ); }) 4 get the characteristic

writing data

navigator.bluetooth.requestDevice({ ... }) .then(device => device.gatt.connect()) .then(server => server.getPrimaryService(0xff0f)) .then(service => service.getCharacteristic(0xfffc)) .then(c => { return c.writeValue( new Uint8Array([ 0x00, r, g, b ]) ); }) write some bytes

reading data

navigator.bluetooth.requestDevice({ ... })

.then(device => device.gatt.connect()) .then(server => server.getPrimaryService(0xff0f)) .then(service => service.getCharacteristic(0xfffc)) .then(c => c .readValue()) .then(value => { let r = value.getUint8(1);
let g = value.getUint8(2); let b = value.getUint8(3); }) read some bytes

get notified of changes

navigator.bluetooth.requestDevice({ ... })

.then(device => device.gatt.connect()) .then(server => server.getPrimaryService(0xff0f)) .then(service => service.getCharacteristic(0xfffc))

.then(c => { c.addEventListener('characteristicvaluechanged', e => { let r = e.target.value.getUint8(1);
let g = e.target.value.getUint8(2); let b = e.target.value.getUint8(3); }); c.startNotifications(); }) add event listener don't forget to start listening

things you need to know: • the webbluetooth api • promises • typed arrays duh!

browser support Chrome Opera Samsung   (behind flag) Servo   (soon)

browser support Chrome Opera Samsung   (behind flag) kinda works Servo   (soon) WebBLE   for iOS

and... npm install node-web-bluetooth

and... the puck.js

custom
characteristics . wtf!

writing a value: function(r, g, b) { return new Uint8Array([ 0x00, r, g, b ]); }

reading a value: function(buffer) { return {   r: buffer.getUint8(1),   g: buffer.getUint8(2),   b: buffer.getUint8(3)  

} } writing to and reading   from the same characteristic

writing a value: function(r, g, b) { return new Uint8Array([

    0x01, g, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01,

  b, 0x01, r, 0x01, 0x00
 

]); } reading the current   color is not possible

writing a value:   function(r, g, b) { var buffer = new Uint8Array([   0xaa, 0x0a, 0xfc, 0x3a, 0x86, 0x01, 0x0d,   0x06, 0x01, r, g, b, 0x00, 0x00,   (Math.random() * 1000) & 0xff, 0x55, 0x0d  

]); for (var i = 1; i < buffer.length - 2; i++) { buffer[15] += buffer[i]; } return buffer; } reading the current   color is not possible

writing a value:   function(r, g, b, position ) { let buffer = new Uint8Array([

    0x07, 0x02, position + 1, r, g, b  

]);

return buffer;

}

writing a value:   function(r, g, b, position) { let buffer = new Uint8Array([
0x58, r, g, b, 0x01, position ]); ...

writing a value:   function(r, g, b, position) { let buffer = new Uint8Array([
0x58, r, g, b, 0x01, position ]); let payload = new Uint8Array(buffer .length + 4); payload[0] = payload.length - 2; payload[1] = payload.length - 2 >>> 8; payload.set(buffer , 2); let checksum = payload.reduce((a, b) => a + b, 0); payload[payload.length - 2] = checksum; payload[payload.length - 1] = checksum >>> 8; let extra = payload.filter(value => {   value === 0x01 || value === 0x02 || value == 0x03  

        message[m] = 0x03; 
        message[m + 1] = 0x05; 
        m += 2; 
    } 
    else if (payload[i] === 0x03) { 
        message[m] = 0x03; 
        message[m + 1] = 0x06; 
        m += 2; 
    } 
    else { 
        message[m] = payload[i]; 
        m++; 
    } 
} 
message[0] = 0x01; 
message[message.length - 1] = 0x02; 
return message;

}

adafruit   bluetooth   sniffer

decompiling

  the apk don't tell anyone!

demofinally the fun part

warning experimental technology   setting low expectations

warning wifi interference   lowering them even further

#devfestnl

https://bluetooth.rocks/lightbulb   https://github.com/NielsLeenheer/BluetoothBulb change the colour   of a lightbulb

https://bluetooth.rocks/pixel draw pixel art on   a led matrix display

https://bluetooth.rocks/racer

https://github.com/NielsLeenheer/BluetoothRacer control a lego racer   using a gamepad use css animations to   define a path

https://bluetooth.rocks/drone   https://github.com/poshaughnessy/web-bluetooth-parrot-drone control a drone   from your browser

https://bluetooth.rocks/ printer print on a receipt printer

https://bluetooth.rocks/pulse   https://github.com/NielsLeenheer/Bluetooth Pulsefind out your   current heartbeat

fun with bluetooth !

questions? @html5test

Fun with Bluetooth

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