Toward a carbon-aware Cloud

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Toward a Carbon-Aware Cloud

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Olivier Bierlaire @obierlaire carbonifer

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“I have all my infra in the cloud, so I do not emit CO2.”

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Voracious Datacenters 20-25 % electricity used by the digital sector 1.3 % total electricity worldwide, excluding crypto mining - IEA Sources: The Shift Projet Nature International Energy Agency Dr. Anders Andrae Arte

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Voracious Datacenters Digital technologies now emit 4% of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), and its energy consumption is increasing by 9% a year - The Shift Project Source: IEA 330 Mt CO2 8 % by 2030 ?

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Why bothering? Regulations and Law Compliance ESG funds Recruitment and Staff Retention Customer retention Cost reduction

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The GHG protocol Scope 1 : Direct emissions Scope 2 : Indirect emissions related purchased energy Scope 3 : Other indirect emissions ( value chain emissions) business travel raw material purchased services purchased …

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Regulations CSRD Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive 2024 for large companies 2026 for listed SMEs scope 1,2 and scope 3 SFDR Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation financial sector financed scope 3

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Commitments CO2 Offset Compensation Removal Elimination: not emitting CO2 eliminating source of CO2

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Commitments Carbon Neutral focus on offset Net Zero: focus on elimination offset the rest 100% Renewable powered by matched by

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Measure cloud infrastructure

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Powering your cloud public datacenter your “cloud infra”

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Software Carbon Intensity gCO2eq / hour

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Embodied Emissions

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Use Emissions Energy of software/VM (kWh) Power usage effectiveness (PUE) exemple: 1.5 Carbon intensity of the grid ( gCO2eq / kWh ) Greenhouse Gas Emissions (gCO2eq/h) AWS t2.nano : 1 CPU / 0.5 Gb RAM 125g of CO2 per month in France 600g of CO2 per month in Germany

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Available Data Average carbon intensity of regional grids (gCO2/kWh) Live carbon intensity: app.electricitymaps.com Power usage effectiveness (PUE) Amazon Web Services : 1.135 Google Cloud : 1.1, …

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“less” available data Energy consumed by hardware CPU / GPU Model/type % usage Memory Storage Network => Estimations, Coefficients … Energy-mix “weather” predictions

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Cloud Provider AWS Carbon Footprint Tool Google Cloud Carbon Footprint Microsoft Azure Sustainability Calculator

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Cloud carbon footprint Cloud Carbon Footprint opensource sponsored by Toughworks read bills of AWS, GCP… Time usage of instance types… Estimate using ratios (50% usage CPU…) https://demo.cloudcarbonfootprint.org/

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Climatiq https://www.climatiq.io/ commercial api gives CO2 for an estimation factor cloud computing instance any domain (transportation, freight) Lot of data sources

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Boavizta https://www.boavizta.org/ opensource free api free dataset (hardware consumption….) gives CO2 for an instance type use: manufacture (embodied) use

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Scaphandre https://hubblo.org/ opensource read power consumption of CPU No CO2 estimation Demo: https://metrics.hubblo.org/

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Carbonifer https://github.com/carboniferio/carbonifer https://carbonifer.io opensource command line estimates Terraform project

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Reduction

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Reduction Green-coding / Software Ecodesign Migrate to Hyperscaler “net-zero” datacenter? Keep it to a minimum auto-scaling groups containers … Change region / zone

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Hyperscalers Net-Zero by 2040 100% renewable energy by 2025 Net-Zero by 2030 50% emissions by 2030 (scope 1,2,3) on premise numerous underused servers Carbon Negative by 2030 50% emissions by 2030 (scope 1,2,3) cloud fewer highly used server Improvement: PUE (AC, ..) Hardware Lifespane Renewable energy

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FinOps => GreenOps Autoscaling Groups Scheduled Scaling Serverless night Adapt infra to the demand less $ = less gCO2 day

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Choose your region wisely

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Follow the sun Renewable energy are weather sensitive (sun, wind…) day/night app.electricitymaps.com plan heavy asynchronous tasks according to energy mix of the grid

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Carbon Awareness 500 20 gCO2/kWh gCO2/kWh Resize Move Schedule

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Carbon Awareness Temporal Shifting Examples : Image/Video processing AI model traning Machine Learning DB indexing

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Carbon Awareness Demand Shaping Examples : video quality CI server

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Carbon Awareness 500 20 gCO2/kWh gCO2/kWh Spatial Shifting

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Demo

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Demo Global Load Balancer … eu-west-1 (ireland) … eu-west-3 (france) Autoscaling Groups … eu-central-1 (germany)

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Demo … eu-west-1 (ireland) CO2 intensity API carbon-aware scaler … eu-west-3 (france) … eu-central-1 (germany)

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Demo Ireland 61 gCO2/kWh France 112 gCO2/kWh Germany 405 gCO2/kWh carbon-aware scaler … eu-west-1 (ireland) eu-west-3 (france) eu-central-1 (germany)

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Demo Ireland 65 gCO2/kWh France 31 gCO2/kWh Germany 357 gCO2/kWh carbon-aware scaler … eu-west-1 (ireland) eu-west-3 (france) eu-central-1 (germany)

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Demo Ireland 156 gCO2/kWh France 31 gCO2/kWh Germany 357 gCO2/kWh carbon-aware scaler … eu-west-1 (ireland) eu-west-3 (france) eu-central-1 (germany)

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Demo

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Collect usage metrics Take-Away Estimate kWh Estimate Carbon Emissions (gCO2/h) Plan / Analyse / Correlate Actions: reduce, schedule according to grid CO2 Carbon-Awareness

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Thank you Green Software Foundation Carbon Aware Cloud olivier@carbonifer.io @obierlaire Environment Variables