Does it work? Rachel Andrew @ Webclerks Vienna Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
A presentation at Web Clerks in November 2019 in Vienna, Austria by Rachel Andrew
Does it work? Rachel Andrew @ Webclerks Vienna Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
CSS is too trivial for real developers to worry about, yet too hard for them to understand. Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
CSS is unique, and amazing. Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
We can’t break the web Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
Modern CSS can be minimal So you really need to understand what those few lines do. Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
Normal Flow The no-layout layout. Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
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Source order matters Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
Tab stop visualization with https://accessibilityinsights.io/ Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
Get your source ordered Work with document flow and CSS is much simpler. Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
“Grid or Flexbox” This is a terrible question. Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
Columns Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
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“He then employed the little-used CSS “float” property to float the content to the desired width” Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
“ It uses float:left, suffers from needing percentage widths for each column, and from potential column wrapping when the browser window is narrowed” Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
Multi-column Layout Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
.columns { column-count: 3; } Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
section { break-inside: avoid; } Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
h2 { column-span : all; } Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
.columns { column-width: 250px; } Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
Width is a minimum Column boxes are flexible by default. Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
display Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
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.flex { display: flex; } Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
.grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr; } Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
.grid { display: inline-grid; } Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
Old & new values for display Old Value New Value(s) block block flow flow-root block flow-root inline inline flow inline-block inline flow-root flex block flex inline-flex inline flex grid block grid inline-grid inline grid
.flex { display: block flex; } Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
.grid { display: block grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr; } Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
.grid { display: inline grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr; } Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
.grid { display: block flow; } Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
display: block flow-root Creating a new Block Formatting Context (BFC) Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
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.container { display: block flow-root; } Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
display: inline-block Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
.inline { backgroundcolor: rgb(71, 73, 84); color: #fff; padding: 1em; } .inline img { float: left; } Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
.inline { backgroundcolor: rgb(71, 73, 84); color: #fff; padding: 1em; display: inline-block ; } .inline img { float: left; } Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
.inline { backgroundcolor: rgb(71, 73, 84); color: #fff; padding: 1em; display: inline flow-root; } .inline img { float: left; } Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
Two-value syntax of display Implemented in Firefox 70 Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
display: flex Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
.flex { display: flex; } .flex > div { flex: 1; } Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
A flex-basis of 0 means items contribute no size. Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
.flex { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; } .flex > div { flex: 1 1 200px; } Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
.flex { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; } .flex > div { flex: 0 0 33.3333%; } Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
Flexbox is more than floats with alignment. Which we discover when we stop trying to make it a grid. Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
flex: auto Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
auto Lay the items out at max-content size, then remove or add space in proportion. Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
.flex { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; } Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
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.list-group li { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; } <li>Item One <span class=”badge”>2</span> </li> Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
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“Prior to alignment via justifycontent and align-self, any positive free space is distributed to auto margins in that dimension.” Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
nav li:last-child { margin-left: auto; } Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
“The specification describes a CSS box model optimized for user interface design.” Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
Writing Modes Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
writing-mode: horizontal-tb; Inline Dimension Block Dimension Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
writing-mode: vertical-rl; Block Dimension Inline Dimension Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
Block Start Block Start Block End Block End Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
Inline Start Inline End Inline Start Inline End Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
Web layout was tied to physical dimensions. We think in top, right, bottom left, width and height. Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
.example { width: 600px; height: 300px; } Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
Logical Properties and Values Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
.example { inline-size: 600px; block-size: 300px; } Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
inline-size = width block-size = height Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
block-size = width inline-size = height Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
Physical v. Logical .example { padding-top: 10px; padding-right: 2em; margin-bottom: 2em; } .example { padding-block-start: 10px; padding-inline-end: 2em; margin-block-end: 2em; margin-inline: 1em; } Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
.example { border-start-start-radius: 20px; border-start-end-radius: 3em; border-end-start-radius: 2em 4em; border-end-end-radius: 5px; } Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
nav li:last-child { margin-left: auto; } Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
Naming things A CSS Grid superpower Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
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.media { display: grid; grid-template-columns: fit-content(200px) 1fr; grid-template-areas: “image content”; grid-gap: 20px; } .img { grid-area: image; } .content { grid-area: content; } Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
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.media-flip { grid-template-columns: 1fr fit-content(200px); grid-template-areas: “content image”; } Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
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No ‘right’ way. I like using grid for this. You might use flex. It’s all good. Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
“Named Columns” Not a thing. Kind of a thing. Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
In grid we name lines and we name areas. We don’t name tracks. Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
.grid { display: grid; gap: 20px; grid-template-columns: [full-start] minmax(0,1fr) [content-start start-half-start] minmax(0,2fr) [start-half-end end-half-start] minmax(0,2fr) [end-half-end content-end] minmax(0,1fr) [full-end]; } Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
h1 { grid-column: content-start / content-end; } .one { grid-row: 2; grid-column: start-half-start / start-half-end; } Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
h1 { grid-column: content; } .one { grid-row: 2; grid-column: start-half; } Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
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Named lines make a named area Using the main name, with –start and –end removed. Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
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Named areas can be used as named lines The name resolves to the start or end edge of the area. Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
grid-column: full Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
grid-column: full / full Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
grid-column: full-start / full-end Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
Now add subgrid Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
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.two { grid-row: 3; grid-column: full; display: grid; grid-template-columns: subgrid; } Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
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Line names from the parent grid are inherited by the subgrid. Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
.two-a { grid-column: start-half; } .two-b { grid-column: end-half; } Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
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More CSS. Faster implementations. Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
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Interoperability Things working the same way across browsers. Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
Standardizing CSS Scrollbars Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
.scroller { overflow-y: scroll; scrollbar-width: thin; scrollbar-color: rgb(255,255,255) rgb(158,120,153); } Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
Better defaults Scroll anchoring Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
Ask why things work Avoid always copying and pasting from a cheatsheet. Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
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We’re working out how to use all this new stuff together. Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
Thank you @rachelandrew | https://noti.st/rachelandrew/ Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew
