Future of DevOps Sasha Rosenbaum @DivineOps
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Sasha Rosenbaum @DivineOps Dev Ops Product Sales Consulting
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@ergonauticly
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The Past @ergonauticly
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1990s: Getting a new server up: 3+ months @ergonauticly
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Backup @ergonauticly
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@ergonauticly
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Date
Release name
1990
SQL Server 1.1 (16-bit)
1992
SQL Server 4.2A
1993
SQL Server 4.21a
1995
SQL Server 6.0
1996
SQL Server 6.5
1998
SQL Server 7.0
2000
SQL Server 2000
2003
SQL Server 2000 64-bit
2005
SQL Server 2005
2008
SQL Server 2008
2010 Azure SQL database @ergonauticly
Software release cadence: 2-3-year cycle
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Merge hell Merging the development branches and completing the test procedures could take months @ergonauticly
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@ergonauticly
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@ergonauticly
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Every company ran its own email
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Source: IBM Global Services, Improving systems availability, 1998.
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Software as a Service ● ● ●
Hotmail Google Search Salesforce
1996 1998 1999
Revenue share in 1999 ● Application Service Providers ● Software Applications
$933M $74B
Source: https://www.inc.com/magazine/20000401/18093.html @ergonauticly
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Deployment Checklists
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2000
27% of server market
41% of server market
● File-based OS ● Maintains configuration in files ● Every device is a file
● Executable-based OS ● Maintains configuration in registry ● Every device has a different driver mechanism
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1990s: Maintenance windows
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How many 9s is two weekends like that?
< 99%
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3.65 days / year
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Unavailable systems were estimated to have cost American businesses $4.54B in 1996.
@ergonauticly
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Source: IBM Global Services, Improving systems availability, 1998.
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Traditional IT
dev
ops
wall of confusion COPYRIGHT 2023. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
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@ergonauticly
Dev
Ops
Speed
Reliability COPYRIGHT 2023. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
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@ergonauticly
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Darmok and Jalad at Tanagra
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Patrick and Andrew at Agile TO 2008
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10 deploys per day: Dev and Ops collaboration at Flickr Velocity 09: John Allspaw and Paul Hammond COPYRIGHT 2023. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
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@ergonauticly
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DevOpsDays Ghent 2009: Patrick Debois @ergonauticly
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@ergonauticly
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“DevOps” Google Search Trend 2009-Present
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Jez Humble and Dave Farley: 2010 @ergonauticly
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Continuous Integration (CI) The practice of merging code into the main branch several times a day; and automating the build and testing on every commit. @ergonauticly
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Continuous Delivery (CD) The approach in which teams produce software in short cycles, ensuring that the software can be reliably released at any time. @ergonauticly
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Nicole Forsgren. State of DevOps Report 2019 COPYRIGHT 2023. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
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Software delivery is like a muscle. The more you use it, the stronger it gets. @ergonauticly
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@ergonauticly
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The Present @ergonauticly
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Effective automation requires consistent APIs @ergonauticly
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OS-level APIs
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PowerShell (Windows) configuration management framework and scripting language
Jeffrey Snover, 2006 COPYRIGHT 2023. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
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Infrastructure-level APIs
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Amazon Web Services: 2002 Amazon Cloud Computing: 2006 Azure Cloud Services: 2008 @ergonauticly
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@DivineOps 2005
2009
Infrastructure as code 2012
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@DivineOps
Every wave of automation Enables the next wave of automation
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Today
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We have a lot more automation
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We have a lot more automation tools
@ergonauticly
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We have much higher availability
@ergonauticly
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We have better on-call
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We have better incident response
@ergonauticly
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We deploy a lot more frequently
@ergonauticly
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BUT @ergonauticly
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Many of us are bad at monitoring
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Many of us are bad at CI
@ergonauticly
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Continuous Integration (CI) The practice of merging code into the main branch several times a day; and automating the build and testing on every commit. @ergonauticly
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Slide 54
You cannot CI/CD Without Testing
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@ergonauticly
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We have convinced people that deploying faster is good We forgot to mention that increasing the Operational Burden is bad @ergonauticly
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@ergonauticly
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SRE ≃ Google’s implementation DevOps
@ergonauticly
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Why did SRE develop?
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SaaS Market 2008-2020
@ergonauticly
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What is the most important thing about the SRE discipline?
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SRE is about explicit agreements that align incentives
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SLA, SLI, SLO
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SLA = Financially-backed availability @ergonauticly
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Monthly downtime > 1.5 days means 100% refund COPYRIGHT 2023. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
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SLAs are about aligning incentives between Vendor & Customer COPYRIGHT 2023. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
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SLO = Targeted reliability @ergonauticly
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While SLA is a single metric, SLOs are a system of metrics COPYRIGHT 2023. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
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SLO = Business-approved reliability @ergonauticly
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SLOs are about explicitly aligning incentives between Business & Engineering @ergonauticly
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Error Budgets Acceptable level of unreliability Error budget = 1 - SLO EB = 1 – 99.99% = 0.01% ≃ 13 mins /quarter @ergonauticly
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Error budgets are about aligning incentives between Dev & Ops @ergonauticly
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If developers are measured on the same SLO, then when the error budget is drained developers shift focus from delivering new features to improving @ergonauticly
Reliability
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SLI = Actual reliability @ergonauticly
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Monitoring
@ergonauticly
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Without monitoring, you have no way to tell whether your service even works!
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Good Monitoring
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Without good monitoring, you don’t know that the service does what users expect it to do!
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The Future @ergonauticly
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Something we have to talk about
@ergonauticly
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Slide 81
AI
@ergonauticly
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AI will not [yet] take your job
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AI will change jobs
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Ethics
@ergonauticly
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Like a Library
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Current AI aggregates and synthesizes the results of decades of human work @ergonauticly
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Written works, code, art
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Unlike a Library
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Current AI charges its users for the content But it DOES NOT pay royalties or give attribution to the creators @ergonauticly
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Fairness usually loses to profit
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Are people going to stop sharing?
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Something else we have to talk about
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DevOps is Dead
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Is it though?
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@ergonauticly
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Slide 97
Someone in your org is keeping your systems alive And their life might be hell COPYRIGHT 2023. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
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The future is already here. It’s just not evenly distributed ~ William Gibson
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Slide 99
Renaming Teams
Support -> Sys Admin -> Ops -> DevOps -> SRE -> Platform Eng (?)
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seeking advantage
seeking legitimacy COPYRIGHT 2023. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
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words cross the chasm before understanding and practice
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Most organizations I encounter, even those running SaaS, have no SRE practice
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Slide 103
Most Organizations today ●
Don’t merge code frequently
●
Don’t have quality testing during CI
●
Don’t have informative monitoring
●
Don’t enforce Error Budgets
●
Don’t have a platform
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Slide 104
everyone wants DevOps well actually…
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what they really want ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
reliability availability scalability operability usability observability all for free without changing anything COPYRIGHT 2023. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
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without changing anything
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without changing anything COPYRIGHT 2023. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
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Slide 108
without changing anything COPYRIGHT 2023. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
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Slide 109
Software
Everyone wants this
Platform
When they haven’t solved this
Infrastructure @ergonauticly
Or even this
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Slide 110
Operating Model Everyone wants to deliver SaaS
Software Dev
Software Ops
Software
optimally delivered on PaaS
Platform Dev
Platform Ops
Software too
dependent on IaaS
Infrastructure Dev
Infrastructure Ops
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Also, Software
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Slide 111
Let’s bring the future to everyone
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Slide 112
We don’t need new words We need to implement what we already know to work well COPYRIGHT 2023. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
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Let’s start small
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Slide 114
This
Not this
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Slide 115
The future is already here. It’s just not evenly distributed ~ William Gibson
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Slide 116
Thank you! Sasha Rosenbaum @DivineOps
@ergonauticly
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