A Universal Hostless Substrate for a Post-Serverless Future

✨ UNIVERSAL HOSTLESS S U B S T R AT E 🌖 🌑 FO R A P O ST-S E R V E R L E S S F U T U R E 🚀

A U N I V E R S A L H O S T L E S S S U B S T R AT E B R O O K LY N Z E L E N K A , @ e x p e d e

A U N I V E R S A L H O S T L E S S S U B S T R AT E B R O O K LY N Z E L E N K A , @ e x p e d e • Cofounder/CTO at Fission • https://fission.codes • PLT & VMs • Previously an Ethereum Core Dev • EIPs 615, 902, 1066, 1444 • ECIP 1050 • Now spending a lot of time with IPFS & DIDs • Lots of R&D (but still have to deal with segfaults, &c)

A U N I V E R S A L H O S T L E S S S U B S T R AT E TA L K G O A L S

A U N I V E R S A L H O S T L E S S S U B S T R AT E TA L K G O A L S • Be as fringe as this track gets 😛🤭 • Expose you to a lot of ideas in broad strokes • Nothing that’s science fiction! • A peek at what’s coming in the next 2-5 years

A U N I V E R S A L H O S T L E S S S U B S T R AT E TA L K G O A L S • Be as fringe as this track gets 😛🤭 • Expose you to a lot of ideas in broad strokes • Nothing that’s science fiction! • A peek at what’s coming in the next 2-5 years 🚫

A U N I V E R S A L H O S T L E S S S U B S T R AT E PA R A D I G M W AV E S

A U N I V E R S A L H O S T L E S S S U B S T R AT E PA R A D I G M W AV E S C O N TA I N E R S

A U N I V E R S A L H O S T L E S S S U B S T R AT E PA R A D I G M W AV E S C O N TA I N E R S SERVERLESS ☁ λ

A U N I V E R S A L H O S T L E S S S U B S T R AT E PA R A D I G M W AV E S C O N TA I N E R S SERVERLESS UNIVERSAL ☁ 🌐 λ

A U N I V E R S A L H O S T L E S S S U B S T R AT E N AT I V E S D K F O R T H E W E B

A U N I V E R S A L H O S T L E S S S U B S T R AT E U P S H OT ?

A U N I V E R S A L H O S T L E S S S U B S T R AT E U P S H OT ? • Go from zero to production on a plane ✈ • Move data to compute and vice versa 🔄 • Scale linearly 📈 • Serve areas that lack sufficient cloud hardware 🖥 • Anyone can be a service provider (lower bar to entry) 💁/

A U N I V E R S A L H O S T L E S S S U B S T R AT E WHY NOW?

A U N I V E R S A L H O S T L E S S S U B S T R AT E WHY NOW? Social & Business • Licensing innovation (yes, really) • Data ethics • Platform lock-in & profiteering

A U N I V E R S A L H O S T L E S S S U B S T R AT E WHY NOW? Social & Business Technical • Licensing innovation (yes, really) • Commons infrastructure • Data ethics • Content addressing • Platform lock-in & profiteering • Cryptographic advancements • Distributed computing advancements • Universality (location, provider, & time independence)

A U N I V E R S A L H O S T L E S S S U B S T R AT E W H Y N OT N OW ?

COMMONS INFRASTRUCTURE

COMMONS INFRASTRUCTURE 🤝 A S U B S T R AT E F O R E V E R Y O N E 🌍

COMMONS INFRASTRUCTURE OPEN SOURCE Lots of people work on it, everybody benefits from it, and then people can build upon it (even in a revenue generating fashion) 🔑 TED LEUNG (2005)

COMMONS INFRASTRUCTURE OPEN NETWORKS Lots of people work on it, everybody benefits from it, people can build upon it (even in a revenue generating fashion), and it’s “owned” by everyone. By participating — even with competitive goals — you are cooperating by serving the content and running compute of others. 🌌

IPFS PRIMER

IPFS PRIMER 🕸 M E E T T H E C O N T E N T-A D D R E S S A B L E W E B 👋

IPFS PRIMER I N T E R P L A N E TA R Y F I L E S Y S T E M

IPFS PRIMER T H E W E B T O D AY

IPFS PRIMER T H E W E B T O D AY • Predominantly single-source (per file) server/client

IPFS PRIMER T H E W E B T O D AY • Predominantly single-source (per file) server/client • Like a key/value store {ip => {path => content}}

IPFS PRIMER T H E W E B T O D AY • Predominantly single-source (per file) server/client • Like a key/value store {ip => {path => content}} • “Location addressing” • DNS maps names to IP addresses • Focused on the physical network VIRTUAL ADDRESS P H Y S I C A L L O C AT I O N

IPFS PRIMER T H E W E B T O D AY • Predominantly single-source (per file) server/client • Like a key/value store {ip => {path => content}} • “Location addressing” • DNS maps names to IP addresses • Focused on the physical network VIRTUAL ADDRESS P H Y S I C A L L O C AT I O N • Mutable addressing • www.foo.com/baz may be JSON today, but a video tomorrow • …or altered content

IPFS PRIMER CONTENT ADDRESSING VIRTUAL ADDRESS P H Y S I C A L L O C AT I O N

IPFS PRIMER CONTENT ADDRESSING • A layer of abstraction above location CONTENT ID VIRTUAL ADDRESS P H Y S I C A L L O C AT I O N

IPFS PRIMER CONTENT ADDRESSING • A layer of abstraction above location • Like a key/value store {hash(content) => content} CONTENT ID • Content hash AKA “content identifier” or CID • Special “universal” relationship to content VIRTUAL ADDRESS P H Y S I C A L L O C AT I O N

IPFS PRIMER CONTENT ADDRESSING • A layer of abstraction above location • Like a key/value store {hash(content) => content} CONTENT ID • Content hash AKA “content identifier” or CID • Special “universal” relationship to content VIRTUAL ADDRESS • Focused on the data P H Y S I C A L L O C AT I O N

IPFS PRIMER CONTENT ADDRESSING • A layer of abstraction above location • Like a key/value store {hash(content) => content} CONTENT ID • Content hash AKA “content identifier” or CID • Special “universal” relationship to content VIRTUAL ADDRESS • Focused on the data • Does not care where it lives P H Y S I C A L L O C AT I O N

IPFS PRIMER CONTENT ADDRESSING • A layer of abstraction above location • Like a key/value store {hash(content) => content} CONTENT ID • Content hash AKA “content identifier” or CID • Special “universal” relationship to content VIRTUAL ADDRESS • Focused on the data • Does not care where it lives • Still have paths • Immutable DAG • Why no loops? P H Y S I C A L L O C AT I O N

IPFS PRIMER L I N K E D D ATA

IPFS PRIMER L I N K E D D ATA { } Qm123456…: { data: “Hello world”, links: [ {name: “company”, hash: Qmabcdef…} {name: “license”, hash: Qmzyxwvu…} ] }

IPFS PRIMER L I N K E D D ATA { } Qm123456…: { data: “Hello world”, links: [ {name: “company”, hash: Qmabcdef…} {name: “license”, hash: Qmzyxwvu…} ] } { } Qmabcdef…: { data: “FISSION”, links: [ {name: “city”, hash: Qm1gb5sn…}, {name: “about”, hash: Qmzyxwvu…} ] }

IPFS PRIMER L I N K E D D ATA { } Qm123456…: { data: “Hello world”, links: [ {name: “company”, hash: Qmabcdef…} {name: “license”, hash: Qmzyxwvu…} ] } { } Qmabcdef…: { data: “FISSION”, links: [ {name: “city”, hash: Qm1gb5sn…}, {name: “about”, hash: Qmzyxwvu…} ] } ipfs cat /ipfs/Qm123456…/company/about/founder => “Brooke”

IPFS PRIMER RO U T I N G & LO O KU P 🔍🌊

IPFS PRIMER RO U T I N G & LO O KU P 🔍🌊 💁

IPFS PRIMER RO U T I N G & LO O KU P 🔍🌊 💻 💻 ☕ 💻 💁

IPFS PRIMER RO U T I N G & LO O KU P 🔍🌊 💻 💻 💻 💻 💻 ☕ 💻 💻 💁 💻 💻 💻 💻 💻

IPFS PRIMER RO U T I N G & LO O KU P 🔍🌊 💻 💻 💁 💻

IPFS PRIMER A U T H E N T I C D ATA ( F I N G E R P R I N T I N G )

IPFS PRIMER O N E H U G E N A M E S PA C E T O R U L E T H E M A L L 💍 🌋

IPFS PRIMER O N E H U G E N A M E S PA C E T O R U L E T H E M A L L 💍 🌋 • Same file = same hash • No matter when 🕓 • No matter where 🌍🌌 • No matter who =🤖?@🦊

IPFS PRIMER O N E H U G E N A M E S PA C E T O R U L E T H E M A L L 💍 🌋 • Same file = same hash • Zero file duplication per node • No matter when 🕓 • Replication = CDN-ish features • No matter where 🌍🌌 • Immutable data structures • No matter who =🤖?@🦊 • Files & data living together! •

DIDS

DIDS 🔑 H I G H LY A U T H E N T I C B

DIDS S TA N D A R D I Z AT I O N

DIDS S TA N D A R D I Z AT I O N • W3C • Microsoft • Government of British Columbia • Based on public-key cryptography • Truly “universal” UUIDs • Agnostic about backing • For users, devices, and more

DIDS CLAIMS

DIDS CLAIMS • Principle of least information • “Can attest that this user is over 18” • All claims signed with private key • Age, credentials, country residency, job history, event attendance, …

DIDS W H AT A B O U T T R A C K I N G , P R I VA C Y , R E C O V E R Y

DIDS W H AT A B O U T T R A C K I N G , P R I VA C Y , R E C O V E R Y • Hierarchical deterministic wallets

DIDS W H AT A B O U T T R A C K I N G , P R I VA C Y , R E C O V E R Y • Hierarchical deterministic wallets • Keychains • Generally on a blockchain • Some cases on DNS

DIDS SELF-SOVEREIGN IDENTITY (SSI)

DIDS SELF-SOVEREIGN IDENTITY (SSI) • Generate your own ID!

DIDS SELF-SOVEREIGN IDENTITY (SSI) • Generate your own ID! • As many as you like 🤷

DIDS SELF-SOVEREIGN IDENTITY (SSI) • Generate your own ID! • As many as you like 🤷 • Generally use commons infrastructure like a blockchain or DNS

P O R TA B L E C O M P U T E

P O R TA B L E C O M P U T E ⚡ JUST ADD MORE POWER TO JS & WASM AND STIR 🤖

P O R TA B L E C O M P U T E D Y N A M I C FA A S

P O R TA B L E C O M P U T E D Y N A M I C FA A S • Run everything locally by default • Good for devs with powerful machines • Slow for students with Chromebooks

P O R TA B L E C O M P U T E D Y N A M I C FA A S • Run everything locally by default • Good for devs with powerful machines • Slow for students with Chromebooks • Farm out longer running computation to service providers • …dynamically at runtime

P O R TA B L E C O M P U T E D Y N A M I C FA A S • Run everything locally by default • Good for devs with powerful machines • Slow for students with Chromebooks • Farm out longer running computation to service providers • …dynamically at runtime • Heavy compute, parallel workloads, &c

P O R TA B L E C O M P U T E APPROACH & TRADE-OFFS

P O R TA B L E C O M P U T E APPROACH & TRADE-OFFS • Code-as-data • Memoization • Compiler techniques at web scale (“world computer”) • Network latency (normally zero, now x) • Restricted subset (e.g. total) • Event-based w/ two-phase commit • Trusted (incl. AWS Lambda 🤷)

P O R TA B L E C O M P U T E T O TA L I T Y

P O R TA B L E C O M P U T E T O TA L I T Y Side Effects Pure Functions E

P O R TA B L E C O M P U T E E V E N T B AS E D ( A B ST R ACT U S E R ST R E A M, C R DTS )

P O R TA B L E C O M P U T E E V E N T B AS E D ( A B ST R ACT U S E R ST R E A M, C R DTS ) Off-Platform Side Effect Stream Platform Effect Stream Pure Function Stream Base Event Stream

ENCRYPTED COMPUTE

ENCRYPTED COMPUTE 🙈 T R U S T L E S S D LY S E N D , R U N , & V E R I F Y 💌

ENCRYPTED COMPUTE ZERO-KNOWLEDGE PROOFS

ENCRYPTED COMPUTE ZERO-KNOWLEDGE PROOFS 🏥✴ 🙆😭 ✴😅 😛🏥 🐶 😅 🙆 😭 😻👋 🙆 😻🏥 😻 😛 😭 👋 🌳 😅✴ 🐶😻 😭🌳 🌳🏥 😻 👋 🐶 🙆✴ 🌳

ENCRYPTED COMPUTE ZERO-KNOWLEDGE PROOFS 🏥✴ 🙆😭 ✴😅 😛🏥 🐶 😅 🙆 😭 😻👋 🙆 😻🏥 😻 😛 😭 👋 🌳 😅✴ 🐶😻 😭🌳 🌳🏥 😻 👋 🐶 🙆✴ 🌳 • Verify compute result • Reveal no information • Interesting for trustless compute providers

ENCRYPTED COMPUTE C O M P U T I N G O V E R E N C R Y P T E D D ATA Cleartext encrypt compute’ compute Clear Result Cyphertext encrypt Encrypted Result

L I C E N S I N G I N N O V AT I O N

L I C E N S I N G I N N O V AT I O N ⚖ FOR THE FIRST TIME IN 15 YEARS!

L I C E N S E I N N O VAT I O N WHY NOW?

L I C E N S E I N N O VAT I O N WHY NOW? • Cloud providers making record profits on top of FLOSS projects

L I C E N S E I N N O VAT I O N WHY NOW? • Cloud providers making record profits on top of FLOSS projects • e.g. Mongo relicensing

L I C E N S E I N N O VAT I O N WHY NOW? • Cloud providers making record profits on top of FLOSS projects • e.g. Mongo relicensing • Why does macOS Catalina ship with zsh instead of bash?

L I C E N S E I N N O VAT I O N AS A SHIELD 🛡

L I C E N S E I N N O VAT I O N AS A SHIELD 🛡 • Do you think current licenses are the best we’ll ever have?

L I C E N S E I N N O VAT I O N AS A SHIELD 🛡 • Do you think current licenses are the best we’ll ever have? • Anti 996-License-1.0 • Derived from MIT License • Chinese expression “996.ICU”

L I C E N S E I N N O VAT I O N D ATA E T H I C S / D ATA L I C E N S E S

L I C E N S E I N N O VAT I O N D ATA E T H I C S / D ATA L I C E N S E S • In 2001, people stored credit card details directly in their DB • Why do people think it’s okay to store PII? • These techniques & platforms make it so you can’t touch user data!

MAKING LIFE EASIER

MAKING LIFE EASIER 🧱 PUT TING IT ALL TOGE THER 🥳

MAKING LIFE EASIER T H E N E X T W AV E O F P L AT F O R M S

MAKING LIFE EASIER Global Storage T H E N E X T W AV E O F P L AT F O R M S FILES 📄 D ATA B A S E 🛢

MAKING LIFE EASIER Global Storage FILES 📄 D ATA B A S E 🛢 Digital Scarcity T H E N E X T W AV E O F P L AT F O R M S IDENTITY 🙋 CHECKPOINTS 🕚

MAKING LIFE EASIER Global Storage FILES 📄 D ATA B A S E 🛢 Digital Scarcity IDENTITY 🙋 CHECKPOINTS 🕚 Portable Compute T H E N E X T W AV E O F P L AT F O R M S DISTRIBUTED COMPUTE 🖥 SMART CONTRACTS 📝

A U N I V E R S A L H O S T L E S S S U B S T R AT E RECAP

A U N I V E R S A L H O S T L E S S S U B S T R AT E RECAP • Build and use fully locally • No such thing as “deployment” • Zero config • Default: only serve the app, not data • Efficient bandwidth

A U N I V E R S A L H O S T L E S S S U B S T R AT E RECAP • One login for all accounts • Build and use fully locally • Device-based authentication • No such thing as “deployment” • Military-grade security • Zero config • User owned data • Default: only serve the app, not data • Share nothing with site/app by default • Efficient bandwidth • Flexible FaaS without pre-deployment • Offline-first and local-network aware

A U N I V E R S A L H O S T L E S S S U B S T R AT E T H E E N D O F H I STO RY

A U N I V E R S A L H O S T L E S S S U B S T R AT E T H E E N D O F H I STO RY High Touch Invisible Custom Product / Rental Commodity / Utility

A U N I V E R S A L H O S T L E S S S U B S T R AT E T H E E N D O F H I STO RY High Touch Ba rrie r to En try Invisible Custom Product / Rental Commodity / Utility

A U N I V E R S A L H O S T L E S S S U B S T R AT E T H E E N D O F H I STO RY High Touch Bespoke Ba Private Ownership rrie r to En try Shared Hosting Serverless Universal Invisible Custom Product / Rental Commodity / Utility

https://fission.codes https://talk .fission.codes https://tools.fission.codes Y THANK YOU, MALMÖ 🎉 brooklyn@fission.codes g i t h u b . c o m /e x p e d e @expede

A Universal Hostless Substrate for a Post-Serverless Future

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