Cats, Qubits, and Clouds The Quantum Future Dr. Holly Cummins IBM Cloud Garage World Wide Garage Development Lead IBM Q Ambassador #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
A presentation at EPAM SEC in September 2018 in Minsk, Belarus by Holly Cummins
Cats, Qubits, and Clouds The Quantum Future Dr. Holly Cummins IBM Cloud Garage World Wide Garage Development Lead IBM Q Ambassador #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
What is a Cloud Garage? Innovation as a Service #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
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analytics blockchain Watson #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
IBM innovates. #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
We work on the biggest challenges. #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
How can we visit multiple destinations with the least amount of fuel? #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
We don’t know. #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
t u b , a l u m r o f e We have th s e k a t r e w s n a e h calculating t too long. #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
10 cities: answer in 25 minutes #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins 16 cities: answer in 27 years
10 cities: answer in 25 minutes #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins 16 cities: answer in 27 years
Caffeine #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
e n i e f Caf #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
#IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
h it w s t c a r e t in g in h t y r Eve le p im s a r o F . e ls e g everythin molecule, the equation doesn’t look like this … #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
h it w s t c a r e t in g in h t y r Eve le p im s a r o F . e ls e g everythin molecule, the equation doesn’t look like this … #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins . s i h t e k i l s k o o … It l
It’s not this … #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins . s i h t s ’ t i ….
g n i l l e d o M s d e e n s i h t 8 4 10 #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins bits.
1,000,000,000,000,0 00,000,000,000,000, 000,000,000,000,000 ,000,000 bits #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
#IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
If #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
If 1 bit == 1 atom #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
If 1 bit == 1 atom … #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
If 1 bit == 1 atom … e earth. th of % 0 -1 1 e s u ld We wou memory required to model caffeine #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
How can something so small be so hard? #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
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th w o r g l a i t n e expon #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
#IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
After one week… 127 grains of rice #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
After one month… 5,368 1kg bags #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins @holly_cummins
After 64 days … 461 billion metric tons #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
2275 = more than there are atoms in the observable universe #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
The best supercomputer in the world can accurately simulate a 40-50 electron system. #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
So we approximate. #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
How good are the approximations? #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins Source: http://cccbdb.nist.gov
If nature can ‘know’ what caffeine is doing, why can’t we? #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
“Nature isn’t classical, dammit, and if you want to make a simulation of nature, you’d better make it quantum mechanical, and by golly, it’s a wonderful problem, because it doesn’t look so easy.” Richard P. Feynman #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
What else could a quantum computer calculate faster? #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
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Where’s the Queen? #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
Where’s the Queen? #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
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#IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
#IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
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#IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
We can search for an answer to a problem as long as it’s quick to verify correctness. #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
How do quantum computers work? #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
Rewind How does quantum physics work? #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
In 1900, everyone knew light was a wave. #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
#IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
#IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
In 1905, Einstein proved light was a particle… #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
In 1905, Einstein proved light was a particle… … and a wave. #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
no one could explain the photoelectric effect #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
no one could explain the photoelectric effect #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
no one could explain the photoelectric effect #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
no one could explain the photoelectric effect electricity #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
no one could explain the photoelectric effect electricity photons #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
wave-particle duality #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
Those can be electrons, atoms, or even molecules! #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
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#IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
#IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
The spin is both of these #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
#IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
up down #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
left right up down #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
up left right up down #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins down
What if the electrons were vodka? #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
superposition #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
superposition (“being two opposite things at the same time”) #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
conservation of momentum What happens if we have two superposed things? And they’re related? r e t t i l p s beam #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
conservation of momentum What happens if we have two superposed things? And they’re related? r e t t i l p s beam #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins measure this one
conservation of momentum we now know what this Value will be What happens if we have two superposed things? And they’re related? r e t t i l p s beam #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins measure this one
#IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
random #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
not random random #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
#IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
random #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
random not random #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
random How can one particle know we measured the other one? not random #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
entanglement #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
If you find this confusing, you should. #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
The physicists who discovered this were totally confused. #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
“You surely must understand that the whole idea of quantum jumps necessarily leads to nonsense.” Erwin Schrödinger #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
Schrödinger’s famous cat #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
“God does not play dice.” Albert Einstein Photo: Bomazi
“… physics should represent a reality in time and space, free from spooky actions at a distance.” Albert Einstein #IBMQ @holly_cummins Photo:#ibmcloudgarage Bomazi
quantum information #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
#IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
Principle 1 A physical state that is in a definite state can still behave randomly. #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
Principle 1 A physical state that is in a definite state can still behave randomly. #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins Principle 2
Principle 1 Principle 2 A physical state that is in a definite state can still behave randomly. Two systems that are too far apart to influence each other can still behave in ways that, although individually random, are still strongly correlated. Quantum computing is about working out how to use these two principles for a new model of computation. #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
Hard problems and quantum speedups blems o r P ” Hard “ “Easy” Problems Factoring Quantum “Easy” Problems uantum Q g n i t a l u Sim Mechanics #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins Quantum computing provides a new path to solve some of the hardest problems in business and science.
a classical bit #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
a quantum bit #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
a quantum bit a qubit #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
entangled qubits #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
What does a quantum computer look like? #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
40K 3K This is the fridge and supporting electronics. 0.1K 0.015K #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
This circuit contains the qubits. #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
What’s it good for? #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
simulating chemical molecules #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
We could model caffeine using 160 qubits. #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
Chemical formula Classical bits Qubits Water H2O 104 14 Ethanol C2H6O 1012 42 Acetaminophen C8H9NO2 1036 120 Caffeine C8H10N3O2 1048 160 Sucrose C12H22O11 1082 274 Penicillin C16H18N2NaO4S 1086 286 Within a few years we hope to be able to exactly represent larger molecular energy states in a quantum computer.
materials design #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
potential new lifesaving drugs #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
artificial intelligence classification machine learning linear algebra #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
portfolio optimization #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
logistics #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
IBM had the first quantum computers on the cloud. #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins @holly_cummins #IBMQ
www.research.ibm.com/ibm-qx #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
IBM Q ecosystem 85,000+ users On all 7 continents 4,400,000+ experiments 70+ external research papers Used by 1,500+ colleges and universities, 300 high schools, 300 private institutions #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
this is the algorithm behind the quantum card test Visual program construction Simulate or run on real quantum hardware #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
#IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
Let’s do “hello world” https://github.com/Qiskit/qiskit-tutorial/blob/master/hello_world/quantum_emoticon.ipynb #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
The result on the real quantum computer #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
The result on the real quantum computer #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
The result on the real quantum computer #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
the future #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
This was real. But it was small. #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
ENIAC IBM Q Experience One of the earliest electronic general-purpose computers in 1946 First cloud quantum computing device in 2016 #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
Quantum computing will evolve through distinct phases… #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
Quantum computing will evolve through distinct phases… Quantum Foundations Quantum computing as the exclusive domain of research scientists #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
Quantum computing will evolve through distinct phases… Quantum Foundations Quantum Ready Quantum computing as the exclusive domain of research scientists Demonstrations of quantum advantage for use cases of scientific and business value #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
Quantum computing will evolve through distinct phases… Quantum Foundations Quantum Ready Quantum Advantage Quantum computing as the exclusive domain of research scientists Demonstrations of quantum advantage for use cases of scientific and business value Extracting direct value out of quantum computing for business and science #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
Quantum computing will evolve through distinct phases… Quantum Foundations #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins Quantum Ready Quantum Advantage
Where are we on the road to Quantum Advantage? Quantum Foundations #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins Quantum Ready Quantum Advantage
Where are we on the road to Quantum Advantage? Quantum Foundations ~1900 #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins Quantum Ready Quantum Advantage
Where are we on the road to Quantum Advantage? Quantum Foundations Fundamentals of quantum information science Create and scale qubits with increasing coherence Create error detection and mitigation schemes ~1900 #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins Quantum Ready Quantum Advantage
Where are we on the road to Quantum Advantage? Quantum Foundations Quantum Ready Quantum Advantage Fundamentals of quantum information science Create and scale qubits with increasing coherence Create error detection and mitigation schemes ~1900 #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins Launch of IBM Q Experience 2016 2020s
Where are we on the road to Quantum Advantage? Quantum Foundations Quantum Ready Fundamentals of quantum information science Core algorithm development Increase quantum volume Create and scale qubits with increasing coherence Standardize performance benchmarks System infrastructure and software enablement Create error detection and mitigation schemes ~1900 #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins Launch of IBM Q Experience 2016 Quantum Advantage 2020s
Where are we on the road to Quantum Advantage? Quantum Foundations Quantum Ready Fundamentals of quantum information science Core algorithm development Increase quantum volume Create and scale qubits with increasing coherence Standardize performance benchmarks System infrastructure and software enablement Create error detection and mitigation schemes Launch of IBM Q Experience Quantum Advantage 2016 2020s ~1900 #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins Today
Where are we on the road to Quantum Advantage? Quantum Foundations Quantum Ready Fundamentals of quantum information science Core algorithm development Increase quantum volume Create and scale qubits with increasing coherence Standardize performance benchmarks System infrastructure and software enablement Create error detection and mitigation schemes Launch of IBM Q Experience Quantum Advantage Demonstrate an advantage to using QC for real problems of interest 2016 2020s ~1900 #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins Today Extract Commercial Value Enable scientific discovery
How many qubits do we need to see quantum improvement? #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
The power of quantum computing is more than the number of qubits. Qubit quality is important. #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage
quantum volume #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage
approximate Quantum chemistry Optimization (specific) Heuristic machine learning Universal, fault-tolerant
Shor’s algorithm (factoring) Big Linear Algebra Programs (FEM) #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins years to advantage (est) 102 ~103 <5 years years to advantage (est)
108 10 - 15 years (If possible)
Interface existing classical applications Optimise to find best backend #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
conceptual compression #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
Quantum as a Service #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
Quantum QaaS as a Service #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
We have built the quantum computation centers of today … #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
… and are imagining the computational centers of tomorrow #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
qiskit.org #IBMQ #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
Please note IBM’s statements regarding its plans, directions, and intent are subject to change or withdrawal without notice and at IBM’s sole discretion. Information regarding potential future products is intended to outline our general product direction and it should not be relied on in making a purchasing decision. The information mentioned regarding potential future products is not a commitment, promise, or legal obligation to deliver any material, code or functionality. Information about potential future products may not be incorporated into any contract. The development, release, and timing of any future features or functionality described for our products remains at our sole discretion. Performance is based on measurements and projections using standard IBM benchmarks in a controlled environment. The actual throughput or performance that any user will experience will vary depending upon many factors, including considerations such as the amount of multiprogramming in the user’s job stream, the I/O configuration, the storage configuration, and the workload processed. Therefore, no assurance can be given that an individual user will achieve results similar to those stated here. #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
#IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
