A presentation at DevOps Notts September 2019 in in Nottingham, UK by Jonathan Relf
24th September 2019 Jonathan Relf DEVEL-OPS
Commify is the team behind a global portfolio of business messaging brands. We work with more than 45,000 companies, helping them transform their mobile communications with their customers and staff.
We provide SMS, voice, web, IP/OTT, email and intelligent multichannel messaging services both on a self-serve basis (through an online platform or API), and as tailored solutions to more complex needs. www.commify.com
BRINGING DEVELOPMENT PRACTICES TO OPERATIONS TASKS DEVEL-OPS
THE IRON AGE OF I.T.
THE CLOUD AGE OF I.T.
“UNRELIABLE SOFTWARE DEPENDING ON RELIABLE HARDWARE TO RELIABLE SOFTWARE RUNNING ON UNRELIABLE HARDWARE” Infrastructure As Code @jbjon
https://www.slideshare.net/bgracely/enterprise-devops-emc-world-2015-jez-humble-spotlight-session
https://www.slideshare.net/bgracely/enterprise-devops-emc-world-2015-jez-humble-spotlight-session
https://www.slideshare.net/bgracely/enterprise-devops-emc-world-2015-jez-humble-spotlight-session
https://www.slideshare.net/bgracely/enterprise-devops-emc-world-2015-jez-humble-spotlight-session
“ONE COMMON ANTI-PATTERN WHEN INTRODUCING DEVOPS TO AN ORGANIZATION IS TO ASSIGN SOMEONE THE ROLE OF ‘DEVOPS’ OR TO CALL A TEAM A ‘DEVOPS TEAM’. DOING SO PERPETUATES THE KINDS OF SILOS THAT DEVOPS AIMS TO BREAK DOWN…” Martin Fowler, DevOpsCulture, 2015 @jbjon
DEVOPS SHOULD NOT BE VS Devs Ops
DEVOPS SHOULD BE MORE:
DEVOPS IS “A CROSS-DISCIPLINARY COMMUNITY OF PRACTICE DEDICATED TO THE STUDY OF BUILDING, EVOLVING AND OPERATING RAPIDLYCHANGING RESILIENT SYSTEMS AT SCALE.” Jez Humble @jbjon
@jbjon
“THE DEFINITION OF INSANITY IS REPEATING THE SAME MISTAKES OVER AND OVER AGAIN AND EXPECTING DIFFERENT RESULTS” Unknown @jbjon
“THE DEFINITION OF INSANITY IN I.T. OPERATIONS IS MANUALLY REPEATING A TASK OVER AND OVER AGAIN AND EXPECTING THE SAME RESULTS” Jonathan Relf @jbjon
“DEVOPS HAS BECOME MORE ABOUT THOSE DETAILS (CONTAINERS, SERVERLESS, SRE, OBSERVABILITY, ETC.) AND LESS ABOUT THE BIG PICTURE. AND, TO SOME DEGREE THE CULTURAL ASPECTS OF DEVOPS HAVE TAKEN A BACK SEAT TO A FOCUS ON FAST LINEAR DELIVERY. THIS PENDULUM WILL NEED TO SWING BACK AT SOME POINT.” Jeff Sussna, author of “Designing Delivery” @jbjon
2017
2018
https://landscape.cncf.io/
THOUGHTWORKS RADAR @jbjon https://www.thoughtworks.com/radar/tools
https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/xdot509/2013/07/24/getting-started-with-windows-azure-part-2-what-are-cloud-services/
https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/xdot509/2013/07/24/getting-started-with-windows-azure-part-2-what-are-cloud-services/
https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/xdot509/2013/07/24/getting-started-with-windows-azure-part-2-what-are-cloud-services/
https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/xdot509/2013/07/24/getting-started-with-windows-azure-part-2-what-are-cloud-services/
WHY BOTHER DEFINING YOUR OWN INFRASTRUCTURE IN CODE? @jbjon
REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS
3RD PARTY SOLUTION UNCERTAINTY
HARDEN APPLICATION HOSTING
AVOID VENDOR LOCK-IN
THE FOUR STAGES OF INFRASTRUCTURE PROVISIONING CONFIGURING MAINTENANCE TERMINATION @jbjon
PROVISIONING ▸ Easier since virtualisation ▸ Started using ISO images ▸ Risk of out of date, unpatched VMs @jbjon
CONFIGURATION ▸ Can be where most configuration drift is added if not automated ▸ ‘Tinkering’ ▸ ‘Snowflake servers’ ▸ Configuration Management software like Puppet & Chef @jbjon
MAINTENANCE ▸ Updates or upgrades of software components ▸ From security patches to in-place upgrades of O.S. ▸ Ordering of patches may affect outcome ▸ Scripting can help ensure consistency @jbjon
TERMINATION ▸ Fear of shutting off servers ▸ Treating servers like “pets, not cattle” ▸ Anti-pattern: Celebrating up-time ▸ Plan for the fact an instance could disappear @jbjon
4 GOALS OF INFRASTRUCTURE AS CODE @jbjon
4 GOALS OF INFRASTRUCTURE AS CODE I.T. INFRASTRUCTURE SUPPORTS & ENABLES CHANGE Kief Morris @jbjon
4 GOALS OF INFRASTRUCTURE AS CODE CHANGES TO THE SYSTEM ARE ROUTINE WITHOUT DRAMA OR STRESS Kief Morris @jbjon
4 GOALS OF INFRASTRUCTURE AS CODE I.T. STAFF SPEND THEIR TIME ON VALUABLE THINGS… NOT REPETITIVE TASKS Kief Morris @jbjon
4 GOALS OF INFRASTRUCTURE AS CODE USERS ARE ABLE TO DEFINE, PROVISION, AND MANAGE THE RESOURCES THEY NEED WITHOUT I.T. STAFF TO DO IT FOR THEM Kief Morris @jbjon
DEFINITION TOOLS ▸ Good Infrastructure As Code tools ▸ have scriptable interfaces ▸ can be run unattended ▸ can be tailored through config ▸ allow tasks to be defined in code ▸ the definition files become ‘living documentation’ @jbjon
VERSION CONTROL ▸ Natural part of development workflow ▸ branching, rollbacks, ownership ▸ Single point of truth ▸ Living documentation @jbjon
CONTINUOUS INTEGRATION ▸ Early feedback about potentially breaking changes ▸ Changes tested in isolation from production ▸ Can apply to infrastructure, server, and configuration changes ▸ “Does this produce the instance I expect?” ▸ “Does this instance have all the features I expect?” ▸ “Is this instance configured for its role correctly?” @jbjon
BUILD PIPELINES ▸ Avoid ‘automation fear’ ▸ Build regularly as well as on changes ▸ Pipelines maintaining templates ensures up-to-date images ▸ Reduces manual knowledge fading ▸ Services used to build can be provisioned temporarily ▸ Packer supports building machine images @jbjon
AUTOMATED TESTING ▸ One of the best practices to borrow from Development ▸ Not relying on ‘Green builds’ ▸ Frameworks like ServerSpec (http://serverspec.org) @jbjon
CONTINUOUS DELIVERY ▸ Not ‘Continuous Deployment’ ▸ Being able to update Test / Lab environments regularly ▸ Risk increases with ‘Time Since Last Success’ @jbjon
CODE ANALYSIS ▸ Emerging area drawing from Dev practices ▸ Config management declarative languages have ‘lint’ tools @jbjon
“A NETFLIX TEAM KNEW THAT A PERCENTAGE OF AWS INSTANCES, WHEN PROVISIONED, WILL PERFORM MUCH WORSE THAN THE AVERAGE INSTANCE SO THEY WROTE THEIR PROVISIONING SCRIPTS TO IMMEDIATELY TEST THE PERFORMANCE OF EACH NEW INSTANCE. IF IT DOESN’T MEET THEIR STANDARDS, THE SCRIPT DESTROYS THE INSTANCE AND TRIES AGAIN WITH A NEW INSTANCE.” Kief Morris @jbjon
HIGH PERFORMING ORGANISATIONS ▸ deploy 200x more frequently ▸ with 2,555x faster lead times ▸ recover 24x faster ▸ and have 3x lower change failure rates ▸ have better employee loyalty ▸ spend 22% less time on unplanned work and rework @jbjon
5 STAGES OF DEVOPS EVOLUTION @jbjon
5 STAGES OF DEVOPS EVOLUTION @jbjon
5 STAGES OF DEVOPS EVOLUTION @jbjon
5 STAGES OF DEVOPS EVOLUTION @jbjon
5 STAGES OF DEVOPS EVOLUTION @jbjon
5 STAGES OF DEVOPS EVOLUTION @jbjon
WAYS TO START INTRODUCING THIS ▸ Start small ▸ Script everything ▸ Automate the process ▸ Run it regularly ▸ Test the changes in a safe environment ▸ Monitor all the things @jbjon
AGILE ENGINEERING WORKS WHEN WE SHARE WHAT WORKS, INTRODUCE CONSISTENCY AND COLLABORATE
QUESTIONS?
ABOUT ME ▸ Jonathan Relf ▸ Solutions Architect @ Commify ▸ about.me/jbjon @jbjon
DevOps starts to deliver more value when it moves beyond breaking down team communication walls and the sharing of best practice starts to happen from all sides. In this talk Jonathan Relf discusses how “infrastructure as code” can help you build secure, up to date environments consciously & collaboratively. You will be introduced to some of the methods and tools he has used to automate and test building virtual machines. He illustrates this with his own career journey from a Developer moving into Operations and the benefits these approaches have brought.
The following resources were mentioned during the presentation or are useful additional information.
“This book explains how to take advantage of technologies like cloud, virtualization, and configuration automation to manage IT infrastructure using tools and practices from software development.” - Amazon affiliate link ISBN: 1491924357
“This book aims to convince people to change their fundamental perception of the world around them from a vision of an impenetrable, amorphous conglomeration, to one made up of individual linear systems, each of which can be improved and perfected.” - Amazon affiliate link ISBN: 160832253X
Includes the infamous “Water-Scrum-Fall”
A look at the effects of high performing organisations and the impact DevOps culture practices can have
Introduces the five stages of DevOps evolution
“Ends makes a compelling case that demonstrates how, over centuries, our changing relationship with death has led to the loss of our relationship with endings. ” - Amazon Affiliate link ISBN: 9163936445
Using VirtualBox, Packer, Boxstarter to create a build pipeline for producing repeatable Windows base images.
Here’s what was said about this presentation on social media.
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