Practical Web Animation

Practical Web Animation Lisi Linhart

Lecturing @ LISILINHART.INFO Twitter @LISI_LINHART Blog

Title Text the user

Title Text the user the browser

easy attention supports devices feedback CSS vs. JS Animations user browser web standards decoration performance orientation render engines perceived performance hard

Animation with the Browser

4 things a browser can animate cheaply

4 things a browser can animate cheaply position translateX(-10px);

4 things a browser can animate cheaply position scale translateX(-10px); scale(0.5);

4 things a browser can animate cheaply position scale rotation translateX(-10px); scale(0.5); rotate(-25deg);

4 things a browser can animate cheaply position scale rotation opacity translateX(-10px); scale(0.5); rotate(-25deg); opacity: 0.5;

order matters transform properties can be chained

codepen.io/danwilson/pen/eEYdgo

this is not performant

use the transform property 💪

Rendering & Property Changes Javascript / Event

Rendering & Property Changes Javascript / Event Style Recalculations width, margin, left, .. Layout

Rendering & Property Changes Javascript / Event Style Recalculations Layout Paint background, box-shadow, outline, ..

Rendering & Property Changes Javascript / Event Style Recalculations Layout Paint Composite transform, opacity ..

Rendering & Property Changes Javascript / Event Style Recalculations Layout 1 frame Paint Composite

translateX(-10px); opacity: 0.5; try to limit yourself to CSS transform & opacity for most animations

promote elements to new layers if animated often & constantly

Creating new layers

Creating new layers 1. will-change property 2. 3D Transform 3. animated 2D transforms 4. being on top of a compositing layers 5. animated CSS filters

🤯 don’t create too many layers remove them if the animation is finished

DevTools

inspect & test your animations in your devtools

Javascript / Event Style Recalculations Layout Paint Composite

lots of rendering, maybe we animated something that triggers Layout

Animation for the User

ORIENTATION & TRANSITIONS

Title Text

ORIENTATION & TRANSITIONS 1 help with reorientation in the user 2 explain relationships between different information spaces

ORIENTATION & TRANSITIONS Example: VueJs

Title Text codepen.io/lisilinhart/full/pmYBva

VueJS Transitions view is toggled when a button is clicked

VueJS Transitions view is toggled when a button is clicked

VueJS Transitions component is transitioned in if view is the correct value

VueJS Transitions

VueJS Transitions

VueJS Transitions define default state and the properties you want to transition

VueJS Transitions define how the element should animate when it’

VueJS Transitions define how the element should animate when it’s leaving

VueJS Transitions define different timing functions for entering and leaving

VueJS Transitions defines dynamic transitions depending on the state

VueJS Transitions the name of my transition is updated whenever view changes

Title Text codepen.io/lisilinhart/full/pmYBva

PERCEIVED PERFORMANCE

“Human perception of time is fluid, and can be manipulated in purposeful and productive ways.” Chris Harrison Faster Progress Bars: Manipulating Perceived Duration with Visual Augmentations

Chris Harrison, Zhiquan Yeo, Scott E. Hudson Faster Progress Bars: Manipulating Perceived Duration with Visual Augmentations animated progress bars reduced the perceived duration among the participants by 11%

PERCEIVED PERFORMANCE 0.1 seconds 1 second 5-10 seconds feels instantaneous user will feel the pause struggle to maintain the user’s attention Jakob Nielsen - Usability Engineering

PERCEIVED PERFORMANCE The page is loading activity & progress indication

PERCEIVED PERFORMANCE The page is loading activity & progress indication Here is a skeleton screen of what content is being loaded Lazy loading & hinting

PERCEIVED PERFORMANCE The page is loading activity & progress indication Here is a skeleton screen of what content is being loaded Lazy loading & hinting While you’re waiting, here is some more information on how the process works using idle times to inform the user

PERCEIVED PERFORMANCE Example: Web Animations API

WEB ANIMATIONS API keyframes object or array: stages of the animation timings object: how it’s animated (e.g. speed, delay, ..)

WAAPI KEYFRAMES keyframes object keyframes array

WAAPI TIMINGS OBJECT how fast should my animation run, how often should it run, what should happen after it’s finished?

CSS VS WAAPI CSS Animation

CSS VS WAAPI CSS Animation Waapi Animation

Title Text codepen.io/lisilinhart/full/PvgxEM

WAAPI EXAMPLE width & height of view box clip-path for text in order to animate transform: scaleX(0)

WAAPI EXAMPLE text with applied clip-path

WAAPI EXAMPLE getting the elements

WAAPI EXAMPLE getting the elements defining some custom easing

WAAPI EXAMPLE getting the elements defining some custom easing defining timings object

WAAPI EXAMPLE calling the animations

WAAPI EXAMPLE all animated properties need to be in every keyframe different easing on last keyframe the animation for the needle starts at 50%

Title Text codepen.io/lisilinhart/full/PvgxEM

WAAPI CONTROLS .animate() returns an animation object speeding up the animations when we click the body

Title Text codepen.io/lisilinhart/full/PvgxEM codepen.io/lisilinhart/pen/rqgPNd

WAAPI CONTROLS

WAAPI CALLBACKS

WAAPI ACCESSIBILITY CSS Variables

WAAPI ACCESSIBILITY cancelling animations in Javascript

WHY THE WEB ANIMATIONS API? • • • API provided by the browser • • choreographed & chained animations no extra Javascript code like for libraries can render animations over the compositor thread (no JS stalling) a native & more powerful alternative to CSS animations

ATTENTION & FEEDBACK

FEEDBACK “Feedback indicates causation between two or more events, often used to connect a user’s interaction with the interface’s reaction” Rachel Nabors - Animation at Work

FEEDBACK I recognised that you clicked this button giving a reaction to user input

FEEDBACK I recognised that you clicked this button giving a reaction to user input You entered some information, but it’s not correct cause & effect of the users input

FEEDBACK I recognised that you clicked this button giving a reaction to user input You entered some information, but it’s not correct cause & effect of the users input You submitted the form, but our system is still processing it making system activity visible

codepen.io/davidkpiano/full/WKvPBP/

ATTENTION

ATTENTION To get to the next step, click this prominent item showing possible actions

ATTENTION To get to the next step, click this prominent item showing possible actions We created this explanatory animation in order for you to better understand our process teaching the user about a process, storytelling

ATTENTION To get to the next step, click this prominent item showing possible actions We created this explanatory animation in order for you to better understand our process teaching the user about a process, storytelling You had to read a lot of information, so we added this kitten animation to entertain you adding fun and reinforcing branding

Title Text stripe.com/us/payments

ATTENTION & FEEDBACK Reactive Animation

“A reactive animation is one involving discrete changes, due to events.” Conal Elliott

read here

JS + CSS VARIABLES setting a CSS Variable via JS

JS + CSS VARIABLES using the set variables in your CSS

JS + CSS VARIABLES CSS Variables are inherited from their parent, for better performance set them at the most specific level

Title Text pixelpioneers.co

Title Text codepen.io/lisilinhart/full/oROmWB

JS + CSS VARIABLES define variables for changes and requestAnimationFrame

JS + CSS VARIABLES define EventListener and calculate X & Y from event values that are pixels

JS + CSS VARIABLES values need to be between 1 and -1 for easier usage with CSS calc()

JS + CSS VARIABLES update DOM inside requestAnimationFrame

JS + CSS VARIABLES set CSS Variables and reset requestAnimationFrame when done

JS + CSS VARIABLES rotate panel according to the variables

JS + CSS VARIABLES transition the transform so the card gets animated smoothly

MATRIX 3D ????

meyerweb.com/eric/tools/matrix/

MATRIX 3D The matrix3d() function is an alternative to the three dimensional transform functions rotate3d(), rotateX(), rotateY(), rotateZ(), translate3d(), translateZ(), scale3d(), scaleZ(), and perspective().

MATRIX 3D doesn’t need perspective on parent needs perspective on parent

MATRIX 3D doesn’t need perspective on parent without perspective

JS + CSS VARIABLES difference in translation creates a 3D parallax effect

JS + CSS VARIABLES higher values look like they’re closer

Title Text codepen.io/lisilinhart/full/oROmWB

JS + CSS VARIABLES • easily debuggable • no excessive DOM manipulation • DOM node independent • great if you animate multiple child elements • great for reactive & physics animation • Transform: Individual Properties

Timing Animation Principles Easing

TIMING valhead.com/2016/05/05/how-fast-should-your-ui-animations-be

TIMING slow transitions are less distracting fast animations are more likely to attract attention valhead.com/2016/05/05/how-fast-should-your-ui-animations-be/

EASINGS.NET

EASINGS.NET

EASING easeOut feels more reactive and instantaneous

EASING easeOut feels more reactive and instantaneous needs more time, because it’s a more complex curve

EASING when an element is moving into the screen it should start quick and slow down towards the center

EASING when an element is moving out of the screen it should start slow and speed up towards the end

Opportunities for Animation

make idle time more useful and interesting Opportunities for Animation

make idle time more useful and interesting guide the user in a process Opportunities for Animation

make idle time more useful and interesting guide the user in a process Opportunities for Animation explain relationships in the information space

make idle time more useful and interesting guide the user in a process Opportunities for Animation get the users attention explain relationships in the information space

Animation Resources

Animation Resources Animation At Work - A Book Apart Book by Rachel Nabors

Animation Resources Animation At Work - A Book Apart Twitch Channel by David Khourshid & Stephen Shaw keyframe.rs Book by Rachel Nabors

Animation Resources Animation At Work - A Book Apart Twitch Channel by David Khourshid & Stephen Shaw keyframe.rs Book by Rachel Nabors animationatwork.slack.com Slack Channel to get feedback & inspiration

Animation Resources Animation At Work - A Book Apart Twitch Channel by David Khourshid & Stephen Shaw basics to know about animation keyframe.rs Book by Rachel Nabors animationatwork.slack.com developers.google.com/web/ fundamentals/design-and-ux/animations/ Slack Channel to get feedback & inspiration

Animation Resources Animation At Work - A Book Apart Twitch Channel by David Khourshid & Stephen Shaw basics to know about animation keyframe.rs Book by Rachel Nabors animationatwork.slack.com developers.google.com/web/ fundamentals/design-and-ux/animations/ Slack Channel to get feedback & inspiration uianimationnewsletter.com inspiration for UI animation

“Users should only notice your animation if you need to attract their attention in that moment. Otherwise, micro-interactions and other transitions should be so seamless, users don’t even notice that there is animation” Heather Daggett - Animation At Work

Animate for the user, don’t create obstacles,