A presentation at Pixel Pioneers in in Bristol, UK by Lisi Linhart
Practical Web Animation Lisi Linhart
Lecturing @ LISILINHART.INFO Twitter @LISI_LINHART Blog
Title Text the user
Title Text the user the browser
easy attention supports devices feedback CSS vs. JS Animations user browser web standards decoration performance orientation render engines perceived performance hard
Animation with the Browser
4 things a browser can animate cheaply
4 things a browser can animate cheaply position translateX(-10px);
4 things a browser can animate cheaply position scale translateX(-10px); scale(0.5);
4 things a browser can animate cheaply position scale rotation translateX(-10px); scale(0.5); rotate(-25deg);
4 things a browser can animate cheaply position scale rotation opacity translateX(-10px); scale(0.5); rotate(-25deg); opacity: 0.5;
order matters transform properties can be chained
codepen.io/danwilson/pen/eEYdgo
this is not performant
use the transform property đŞ
Rendering & Property Changes Javascript / Event
Rendering & Property Changes Javascript / Event Style Recalculations width, margin, left, .. Layout
Rendering & Property Changes Javascript / Event Style Recalculations Layout Paint background, box-shadow, outline, ..
Rendering & Property Changes Javascript / Event Style Recalculations Layout Paint Composite transform, opacity ..
Rendering & Property Changes Javascript / Event Style Recalculations Layout 1 frame Paint Composite
translateX(-10px); opacity: 0.5; try to limit yourself to CSS transform & opacity for most animations
promote elements to new layers if animated often & constantly
Creating new layers
Creating new layers 1. will-change property 2. 3D Transform 3. animated 2D transforms 4. being on top of a compositing layers 5. animated CSS filters
𤯠donât create too many layers remove them if the animation is finished
DevTools
inspect & test your animations in your devtools
Javascript / Event Style Recalculations Layout Paint Composite
lots of rendering, maybe we animated something that triggers Layout
Animation for the User
ORIENTATION & TRANSITIONS
Title Text
ORIENTATION & TRANSITIONS 1 help with reorientation in the user 2 explain relationships between different information spaces
ORIENTATION & TRANSITIONS Example: VueJs
Title Text codepen.io/lisilinhart/full/pmYBva
VueJS Transitions view is toggled when a button is clicked
VueJS Transitions view is toggled when a button is clicked
VueJS Transitions component is transitioned in if view is the correct value
VueJS Transitions
VueJS Transitions
VueJS Transitions define default state and the properties you want to transition
VueJS Transitions define how the element should animate when itâ
VueJS Transitions define how the element should animate when itâs leaving
VueJS Transitions define different timing functions for entering and leaving
VueJS Transitions defines dynamic transitions depending on the state
VueJS Transitions the name of my transition is updated whenever view changes
Title Text codepen.io/lisilinhart/full/pmYBva
PERCEIVED PERFORMANCE
âHuman perception of time is fluid, and can be manipulated in purposeful and productive ways.â Chris Harrison Faster Progress Bars: Manipulating Perceived Duration with Visual Augmentations
Chris Harrison, Zhiquan Yeo, Scott E. Hudson Faster Progress Bars: Manipulating Perceived Duration with Visual Augmentations animated progress bars reduced the perceived duration among the participants by 11%
PERCEIVED PERFORMANCE 0.1 seconds 1 second 5-10 seconds feels instantaneous user will feel the pause struggle to maintain the userâs attention Jakob Nielsen - Usability Engineering
PERCEIVED PERFORMANCE The page is loading activity & progress indication
PERCEIVED PERFORMANCE The page is loading activity & progress indication Here is a skeleton screen of what content is being loaded Lazy loading & hinting
PERCEIVED PERFORMANCE The page is loading activity & progress indication Here is a skeleton screen of what content is being loaded Lazy loading & hinting While youâre waiting, here is some more information on how the process works using idle times to inform the user
PERCEIVED PERFORMANCE Example: Web Animations API
WEB ANIMATIONS API keyframes object or array: stages of the animation timings object: how itâs animated (e.g. speed, delay, ..)
WAAPI KEYFRAMES keyframes object keyframes array
WAAPI TIMINGS OBJECT how fast should my animation run, how often should it run, what should happen after itâs finished?
CSS VS WAAPI CSS Animation
CSS VS WAAPI CSS Animation Waapi Animation
Title Text codepen.io/lisilinhart/full/PvgxEM
WAAPI EXAMPLE width & height of view box clip-path for text in order to animate transform: scaleX(0)
WAAPI EXAMPLE text with applied clip-path
WAAPI EXAMPLE getting the elements
WAAPI EXAMPLE getting the elements defining some custom easing
WAAPI EXAMPLE getting the elements defining some custom easing defining timings object
WAAPI EXAMPLE calling the animations
WAAPI EXAMPLE all animated properties need to be in every keyframe different easing on last keyframe the animation for the needle starts at 50%
Title Text codepen.io/lisilinhart/full/PvgxEM
WAAPI CONTROLS .animate() returns an animation object speeding up the animations when we click the body
Title Text codepen.io/lisilinhart/full/PvgxEM codepen.io/lisilinhart/pen/rqgPNd
WAAPI CONTROLS
WAAPI CALLBACKS
WAAPI ACCESSIBILITY CSS Variables
WAAPI ACCESSIBILITY cancelling animations in Javascript
WHY THE WEB ANIMATIONS API? ⢠⢠⢠API provided by the browser ⢠⢠choreographed & chained animations no extra Javascript code like for libraries can render animations over the compositor thread (no JS stalling) a native & more powerful alternative to CSS animations
ATTENTION & FEEDBACK
FEEDBACK âFeedback indicates causation between two or more events, often used to connect a userâs interaction with the interfaceâs reactionâ Rachel Nabors - Animation at Work
FEEDBACK I recognised that you clicked this button giving a reaction to user input
FEEDBACK I recognised that you clicked this button giving a reaction to user input You entered some information, but itâs not correct cause & effect of the users input
FEEDBACK I recognised that you clicked this button giving a reaction to user input You entered some information, but itâs not correct cause & effect of the users input You submitted the form, but our system is still processing it making system activity visible
codepen.io/davidkpiano/full/WKvPBP/
ATTENTION
ATTENTION To get to the next step, click this prominent item showing possible actions
ATTENTION To get to the next step, click this prominent item showing possible actions We created this explanatory animation in order for you to better understand our process teaching the user about a process, storytelling
ATTENTION To get to the next step, click this prominent item showing possible actions We created this explanatory animation in order for you to better understand our process teaching the user about a process, storytelling You had to read a lot of information, so we added this kitten animation to entertain you adding fun and reinforcing branding
Title Text stripe.com/us/payments
ATTENTION & FEEDBACK Reactive Animation
âA reactive animation is one involving discrete changes, due to events.â Conal Elliott
read here
JS + CSS VARIABLES setting a CSS Variable via JS
JS + CSS VARIABLES using the set variables in your CSS
JS + CSS VARIABLES CSS Variables are inherited from their parent, for better performance set them at the most specific level
Title Text pixelpioneers.co
Title Text codepen.io/lisilinhart/full/oROmWB
JS + CSS VARIABLES define variables for changes and requestAnimationFrame
JS + CSS VARIABLES define EventListener and calculate X & Y from event values that are pixels
JS + CSS VARIABLES values need to be between 1 and -1 for easier usage with CSS calc()
JS + CSS VARIABLES update DOM inside requestAnimationFrame
JS + CSS VARIABLES set CSS Variables and reset requestAnimationFrame when done
JS + CSS VARIABLES rotate panel according to the variables
JS + CSS VARIABLES transition the transform so the card gets animated smoothly
MATRIX 3D ????
meyerweb.com/eric/tools/matrix/
MATRIX 3D The matrix3d() function is an alternative to the three dimensional transform functions rotate3d(), rotateX(), rotateY(), rotateZ(), translate3d(), translateZ(), scale3d(), scaleZ(), and perspective().
MATRIX 3D doesnât need perspective on parent needs perspective on parent
MATRIX 3D doesnât need perspective on parent without perspective
JS + CSS VARIABLES difference in translation creates a 3D parallax effect
JS + CSS VARIABLES higher values look like theyâre closer
Title Text codepen.io/lisilinhart/full/oROmWB
JS + CSS VARIABLES ⢠easily debuggable ⢠no excessive DOM manipulation ⢠DOM node independent ⢠great if you animate multiple child elements ⢠great for reactive & physics animation ⢠Transform: Individual Properties
Timing Animation Principles Easing
TIMING valhead.com/2016/05/05/how-fast-should-your-ui-animations-be
TIMING slow transitions are less distracting fast animations are more likely to attract attention valhead.com/2016/05/05/how-fast-should-your-ui-animations-be/
EASINGS.NET
EASINGS.NET
EASING easeOut feels more reactive and instantaneous
EASING easeOut feels more reactive and instantaneous needs more time, because itâs a more complex curve
EASING when an element is moving into the screen it should start quick and slow down towards the center
EASING when an element is moving out of the screen it should start slow and speed up towards the end
Opportunities for Animation
make idle time more useful and interesting Opportunities for Animation
make idle time more useful and interesting guide the user in a process Opportunities for Animation
make idle time more useful and interesting guide the user in a process Opportunities for Animation explain relationships in the information space
make idle time more useful and interesting guide the user in a process Opportunities for Animation get the users attention explain relationships in the information space
Animation Resources
Animation Resources Animation At Work - A Book Apart Book by Rachel Nabors
Animation Resources Animation At Work - A Book Apart Twitch Channel by David Khourshid & Stephen Shaw keyframe.rs Book by Rachel Nabors
Animation Resources Animation At Work - A Book Apart Twitch Channel by David Khourshid & Stephen Shaw keyframe.rs Book by Rachel Nabors animationatwork.slack.com Slack Channel to get feedback & inspiration
Animation Resources Animation At Work - A Book Apart Twitch Channel by David Khourshid & Stephen Shaw basics to know about animation keyframe.rs Book by Rachel Nabors animationatwork.slack.com developers.google.com/web/ fundamentals/design-and-ux/animations/ Slack Channel to get feedback & inspiration
Animation Resources Animation At Work - A Book Apart Twitch Channel by David Khourshid & Stephen Shaw basics to know about animation keyframe.rs Book by Rachel Nabors animationatwork.slack.com developers.google.com/web/ fundamentals/design-and-ux/animations/ Slack Channel to get feedback & inspiration uianimationnewsletter.com inspiration for UI animation
âUsers should only notice your animation if you need to attract their attention in that moment. Otherwise, micro-interactions and other transitions should be so seamless, users donât even notice that there is animationâ Heather Daggett - Animation At Work
Animate for the user, donât create obstacles,
Web Animation is an essential part of great user experience leveraging cognitive load and allowing us to provide user feedback. This talk examines Web Animation from a practical standpoint, answering when to use it, how to keep your animations performant from a browser standpoint and exploring the animation options we have on the web today.
The following resources were mentioned during the presentation or are useful additional information.
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