Grids All The Way Down

A presentation at Frontend NE in April 2019 in Newcastle upon Tyne, UK by Rachel Andrew

Hello Newcastle It’s nice to be home. Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew

Doing things on the web since 1996 Co-founder Perch CMS & Notist. Editor in Chief Smashing Magazine. Writer of many books. CSS Working Group Member representing Fronteers. Spec editor Multicol and Page Floats. MDN tech writer. Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew

CSS Grid Layout Two years on. Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew

“I can make flexbox do anything. Why should I learn grid?” Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew

“Should I use colour in this web design, or will fonts do?” Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew

“Should I build my site using Flexbox or Grid?” Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew

Stop thinking about Flexbox & Grid as two separate layout methods Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew

Should I build my site using Flexbox or Grid? YES. Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew

Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew

Look at the pattern you need to build. That will tell you which layout method you need. Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew

Flexbox when you have a bunch of different size stuff you want displayed in a readable way. Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew

Grid for when you want to control the structure and place items into it. Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew

If you are putting widths on all your flex items to make them line up. You probably want grid. Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew

/* flex */ .airplanes { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; } .airplanes li { flex: 1 1 400px; height: 45vh; margin: 2vh 10px; } /* grid */ .airplanes { display: grid; grid-gap: 5vh; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(400px, auto)); grid-auto-rows: 45vh; } Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew

Two-dimensional Grid works in the same way in both axes. Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew

Inline dimension: the grid fills the grid container Block dimension: as tall as is needed for the content. Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew

Inline dimension: the grid fills the grid container Block dimension: the grid fills the grid container Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew

.grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); grid-template-rows: repeat(3,100px); gap: 5px; } Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew

.grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); grid-template-rows: repeat(3, minmax(100px,auto)); } gap: 5px; Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew

We have choices now! Enjoy them, they have been a long time coming. Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew

What can’t we do yet? Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew

figure { display: grid; height: 100%; grid-template-columns: 1fr 3fr; grid-template-rows: 1fr minmax(1em, auto); } Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew

Only direct children become grid or flex items. Their children return to normal flow. Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew

1 2 4 4 Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew

display: contents Removing the box from the layout. Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew

<!—HTML—> <div class=”grid”> <div>Direct Child</div> <div>Direct Child</div> <ul> <li>List Item</li> <li>List Item</li> <li>List Item</li> </ul> <div>Direct Child</div> </div>
Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew

/* CSS */ .grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); } .grid > * { background-color: rgba(255,255,255,.5); } ul > * { background-color: rgb(209,54,114); } ul { } Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew

/* CSS */ .grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); } .grid > * { background-color: rgba(255,255,255,.5); } ul > * { background-color: rgb(209,54,114); } ul { } display: contents; Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew

Subgrid Create a grid on a grid item which uses the grid tracks defined on the parent – for rows, columns or both. Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew

.grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(9, 1fr); grid-template-rows: repeat(4, minmax(100px, auto)); } .item { grid-column: 2 / 7; grid-row: 2 / 4; display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); grid-template-rows: repeat(3, 50px); } .subitem { grid-column: 2 / 4; grid-row: 1 / 4; } Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew

Line numbers start from 1 inside the subgrid. You position child items in the subgrid according to the subgrid line numbering, not those of the parent. Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew

1 6 Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew

Line names on the parent are passed into the subgrid. If you have named lines on the parent grid they will be passed into the subgrid and added to any names defined there. Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew

col-start col-end col-start col-end Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew

.grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr [col-start] 1fr 1fr 1fr [colend] 1fr 1fr 1fr; grid-template-rows: repeat(4, minmax(100px, auto)); } .item { grid-column: 2 / 7; grid-row: 2 / 4; display: grid; grid-template-columns: subgrid; grid-template-rows: subgrid; } .subitem { grid-column: col-start / col-end; grid-row: 1 / 3; } Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew

You can add named lines to the subgrid. Line names are added after the subgrid keyword. Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew

col-start col-end col-start sub-c col-end sub-f Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew

The subgrid inherits the gaps from the parent. Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew

You can change the gaps on the subgrid. Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew

Sizing of items in the subgrid can change the size of the parent tracks. Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew

Now the bad news There are currently no browser implementations of subgrid. Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew

Fewer rendering engines fewer places where new ground can be broken. Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew

Tell browsers what you want in the platform. Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew

https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=618969 Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew

https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1240834 Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew

https://wpdev.uservoice.com/forums/257854-microsoft-edgedeveloper/suggestions/20447239-implement-subgrid Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew

Write about features you want to see in browsers Write up your use cases, the problems having the feature will solve. Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew

Use new features Browsers are watching. Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew

Use new features when they are behind a flag You get to beta test the web platform! Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew

Give feedback to the CSS Working Group https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew

Participate in the web platform Or you are leaving your future as a designer or developer in the hands of the very few who do. Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew

Thank you @rachelandrew Slides & resources https://noti.st/rachelandrew

Rachel Andrew
@rachelandrew

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Two years have passed since Grid Layout launched across all major browsers. However as it was landing and becoming available for us to use in production, work on the spec continued. Due to this work, Level 2 of the Grid Specification contains the most wanted feature as people come to grips with the spec - subgrid.

In this talk I will explain what subgrid is, the problems that it will solve for web designers and developers, and the things that it will make possible. I’ll also take a look at some of the other things that are coming to CSS Layout, and how you can get involved in pushing all of these new things forward.

Resources

The following resources were mentioned during the presentation or are useful additional information.

Code

The following code examples from the presentation can be tried out live.

https://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/xexdVe

Flexbox example
https://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/ROwgJJ

Grid simple example
https://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/qwOqzw

Minmax() Example
https://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/GLRmaM

Airplane Cards Flexbox example
https://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/MRWmGz

Airplane Cards Grid example
https://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/WWbNPB

Nested Code example
https://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/xewjNL

Block and Inline Layout
https://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/ZZbeWz

display: contents
https://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/JVdxRB

Bad example: don't do this

Buzz and feedback

Here’s what was said about this presentation on social media.

Thank you for your talk. It was most informative. I had forgotten about CSS grids!
— Stuart (@trubru) April 3, 2019
At @FrontendNE today, the talks by @rachelandrew and @LeaVerou were fantastic and have really inspired me to look at a project of my own in a different way. @katie_fenn raised my awareness of what Chrome Devtools can do and I can’t wait to use it more effectively.
— Dave Hill (@ThisDaveHill) April 3, 2019
@rachelandrew Loved your talk! I haven't used CSS grids before, but with your explanation of the basics, I was still able to follow what you said about subgrids 👌
— Oliver Dunk (@oliverdunk_) April 3, 2019
Great talk by @smashingmag editor @rachelandrew about #cssgrid and #csssubgrid ... @FrontendNE #frontendne #webdev #css #html5 pic.twitter.com/Sv51VDSJFK
— Andy Terry (@AndyJTerry) April 3, 2019
An amazing talk at @FrontendNE on CSS subgrid and how to get involved in getting features implemented in browsers. Thanks for showing us @rachelandrew. #cssgrid #webdev #alwayslearning
— Ben Williams (@London_Skier) April 3, 2019
A huge thank you to @rachelandrew for all she does in the development world.👋 #FrontendNE #rachelandrew pic.twitter.com/n4zOuIZaLx
— izzy (@izzygld261) April 3, 2019
Grids all the way down, by @rachelandrew pic.twitter.com/DHMwx7R9G8
— Carol 💁‍♀️✨ (@CarolSaysThings) April 3, 2019

Grids All The Way Down

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Resources

Grid Level 2 Specification

CSS Grid Level 2: Here Comes Subgrid

Grid by Example

Chrome Bug: Implement subgrid

Firefox Bug: Implement layout support for subgrid

Edge UserVoice: Implement subgrid

More accessible markup with display contents

Chrome Status Stats

Code

Flexbox example

Grid simple example

Minmax() Example

Airplane Cards Flexbox example

Airplane Cards Grid example

Nested Code example

Block and Inline Layout

display: contents

Bad example: don't do this

Buzz and feedback