A presentation at CraftConf in in Budapest, Hungary by Holly Cummins
Cats, Qubits, and Clouds The Quantum Future Dr. Holly Cummins IBM Cloud Garage World Wide Garage Development Lead IBM Q Ambassador @holly_cummins #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
How can we visit multiple destinations with the least amount of fuel? #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
We don’t know. #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
We have the formula, but calculating the answer takes too long. #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
10 cities: answer in 16 cities: answer in 25 minutes 27 years #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
10 cities: answer in 16 cities: answer in 25 minutes 27 years #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
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Caffeine #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
Everything interacts with everything else. #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
Everything interacts with everything else. For a simple molecule, the equation doesn’t look like this … #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
Everything interacts with everything else. For a simple molecule, the equation doesn’t look like this … … it looks like this. #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
It’s not this … ….it’s this. #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
we all know from software development, handling big problems is hard unless … … we can break them down into small problems
we all know from software development, handling big problems is hard unless … … we can break them down into small problems
Modelling this needs 48 10 bits. #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
1,000,000,000,000,0 00,000,000,000,000, 000,000,000,000,000 ,000,000 bits #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
#IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
If #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
If 1 bit == 1 atom #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
If 1 bit == 1 atom … #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
If 1 bit == 1 atom … We would use 1-10% of the earth. memory required to model caffeine #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
How can something so small be so hard? #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
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exponential growth #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
The best supercomputer in the world can accurately simulate a 40-50 electron system. #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
So we approximate. #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
How good are the approximations? #IBMQ#ibmcloudgarage #ibmcloudgarage@holly_cummins @holly_cummins #IBMQ Source: http://cccbdb.nist.gov
If nature has a lot of computational complexity, can we use it for computations?
yes (for some categories of problems)
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Where’s the Queen? #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
Where’s the Queen? #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
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We can search for an answer to a problem as long as it’s quick to verify correctness. #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
how do quantum computers work? #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
superposition #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
superposition (“being two opposite things at the same time”) #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
Schrödinger’s famous cat #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
entanglement #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
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random #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
not random random #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
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random #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
random not random #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
random How can one particle know we measured the other one? not random #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
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A physical state that is in a definite state can still behave randomly. #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
A physical state that is in a definite state can still behave randomly. #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins Two systems that are too far apart to influence each other can still behave in ways that, although individually random, are still strongly correlated.
A physical state that is in a definite state can still behave randomly. Two systems that are too far apart to influence each other can still behave in ways that, although individually random, are still strongly correlated. Quantum computing is about working out how to use these two principles for a new model of computation. #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
If you find this confusing, you should. #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
The physicists who discovered this were totally confused. #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
“You surely must understand that the whole idea of quantum jumps necessarily leads to nonsense.” #IBMQ Schrödinger #ibmcloudgarage Erwin @holly_cummins
“… physics should represent a reality in time and space, free from spooky actions at a distance.” “God does not play dice.” #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage Albert Einstein #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins Photo: Bomazi
“… physics should represent a reality in time and space, free from spooky actions at a distance.” “… physics should represent a reality in time and space, free from spooky actions at a distance.” #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage Albert Einstein #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins Photo: Bomazi
you can completely ignore the physics
quantum information #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
a classical bit #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
a quantum bit #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
aaquantum qubit bit #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
aaquantum qubit bit a superposition of 0 and 1 #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
entangled qubits #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
What does a quantum computer look like? #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
40K This is the fridge and supporting electronics. 3K 0.1K 0.015K #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
The fridge is surprisingly pretty. #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
This circuit contains the qubits. #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
IBM had the first quantum computers on the cloud. #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
www.research.ibm.com/ibm-qx #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
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demo-time #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
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The result on the real quantum computer #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
The result on the real quantum computer #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
The result on the real quantum computer #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0011101100101001 0011101110101001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0011101000101001 0011101010101001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
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we can’t represent this system as a product of simpler matrices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8) 9) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :) ;) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
we can’t represent this system as a product of simpler matrices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8) 9) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :) ;) . . . . . . . . . it is computationally complex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
What’s it good for? #IBMQ#ibmcloudgarage #ibmcloudgarage@holly_cummins @holly_cummins #IBMQ
blems o r P ” Hard “ “Easy” Problems Factoring Quantum “Easy” Problems uantum Q g n i t a l u Sim Mechanics #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins Quantum computing provides a new path to solve some of the hardest problems in business and science.
simulating chemical molecules #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
We could model caffeine using 160 qubits. #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
materials design #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
potential new lifesaving drugs #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
artificial intelligence classification machine learning linear algebra #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
portfolio optimization #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
logistics #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
the future #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
This was real. But it was small. #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
IBM Q Experience in 2016 First cloud quantum computing device #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
ENIAC IBM Q Experience in 2016 One of the earliest electronic general-purpose computers in 1946 First cloud quantum computing device #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
ENIAC IBM Q Experience in 2016 One of the earliest electronic general-purpose computers in 1946 First cloud quantum computing device #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
Introducing the IBM Q System One The world’s “first universal approximate quantum computing system installed outside of a research lab”. Quantum Computing and IBM Q: An Introduction #IBMQ
Quantum computing will evolve through distinct phases… Quantum Foundations Quantum computing as the exclusive domain of research scientists #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins Quantum Ready Demonstrations of quantum advantage for use cases of scientific and business value Quantum Advantage Extracting direct value out of quantum computing for business and science
How many qubits do we need to see quantum advantage? #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
approximate Quantum chemistry Optimization (specific) Heuristic machine learning Universal, fault-tolerant
Shor’s algorithm (factoring) Big Linear Algebra Programs (FEM) #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins years to advantage (est) 102 ~103 <5 years years to advantage (est)
108 10 - 15 years (If possible)
We have built the quantum computation centers of today … #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
… and are imagining the computational centers of tomorrow #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
qiskit.org #IBMQ #IBMQ #ibmcloudgarage @holly_cummins
The classical computer on your lap or housed in your data centre manipulates data represented with a binary encoding. Quantum computers are different; they use atomic level mechanics to represent multiple data states simultaneously, leading to a phenomenal exponential increase in the representable state of data, and new solutions to problems that are infeasible using today’s classical computers. In five years, the effects of quantum computing will reach beyond the research lab. It will be used extensively by new categories of professionals and developers looking to this emerging method of computing to solve problems once considered unsolvable.
This session assumes no prior knowledge of quantum technology and presents a introduction to the field of quantum computing, including an introduction to the quantum bit, the types of problem suited to quantum computing, a demo of running algorithms on IBM Q quantum devices, and a peek into the future of quantum computers.
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